[最全初中英语语法之-现在完成时和过去完成时教案.doc

现在完成时 一. 用法： （1）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。与一般过去时的区别： 强调过去 — 一般过去式 强调对现在的影响---现在完成时 试比较： I have lost my new book.? 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明） My mother went to Shanghai. Where is your mother? ---She has gone to Shanghai. I didn’t have breakfast. I haven’t have breakfast yet. （2）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。 常被just、already、 yet 等副词修饰。如： --Have you had lunch yet????? --Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （3）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。 通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。? He has been in the army for ten years. I have studied English since 1980. （4）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times…, ever, never等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 She has watched this film three times. I have never seen more beautiful girl than she. 练 习 5. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 6. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 8. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 9. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 二. 构成： (1) 肯定句： have / has done (2) 否定句：...have/has not done (3) 一般疑问句： Have/ Has ... done ....? Yes, ... have/has. No, ...have/has not. (4) 常用的时间状语有： already “已经” 肯定句的中间和末尾处 never “从不” 中间处 ever “曾经” 疑问句和肯定句的中间处 just “刚刚” 中间处 yet “已经” 、“还” 疑问句、否定句的末尾处) 或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用. A. already和yet区别: I have already finished my homework. already用在_______，位于_______。 “已经” Have you finished your homework yet? yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。“仍然，还，已经” B.for 与since区别: for +时间段 since+ 时间点 I have lived in Changchun__________ two years. I have been here__________7 oclock.? 用since和for填空 1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month 4.______ 1999 5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock 7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour 9. _______ we were children10. _____ lunch time