基本的领导方法基本领导方法.doc

Chapter 8 Basic Approaches to leadership 基本的领导方法学习本章后,你应该可以对比领导和管理’Summarize the conclusions of trait theories总结特质理论的结论’s contingency model描述菲德勒的权变模式heresy and Blanchard’s situational theory解释异端和布兰查德的情境理论总结-交换理论描述路径目标理论确定leader-participation模型中的情境变量What’s leadership? 什么是领导’s the difference between leadership and management? 领导和管理之间的区别是什么?哈佛商学院的约翰·科特认为,管理是关于应对复杂性。良好的管理带来了秩序和一致性,制定正式的计划,设计僵化的组织结构,对计划和监测结果相比之下,领导应对改变领导者通过开发未来的愿景确立方向，然后他们使人们通过沟通这一愿景，鼓励他们克服障碍领导的定义我们领导定义为能够影响一群体朝着实现一个愿景或一组目标’s dynamic world, we need leaders to challenge the status quo, to create visions of the future, and to inspire organizational members to want to achieve the visions. We also need managers to formulate detailed plans, create efficient organizational structures, and oversee day-today operations. ③最后一个意见之前，我们继续前进：企业需要强有力的领导和强有力的管理以达到最佳效果。在当今不断变化的世界，我们需要领导者挑战现状，创造未来的愿景，并激发组织成员要实现的愿景。我们还需要管理者制定详细计划，建立高效的组织结构，并监督日常业务。 特质理论 领导特质理论领导人通过专注于个人品质和特征领导人领导人外向的(个人喜欢人),认真(个人自律,保持他们承诺),和能开放(创意和灵活的人) 领导似乎有优势,表明的领导人确实有共同的关键特征The fact that an individual exhibits the traits and others consider that person to be a leader does not necessarily mean that the leader is successful at getting his or her group to achieve its goals. 个人的特征和其他人认为那个人是领袖并不意味着领导者成功地让他或她的组织实现其目标The failures of early trait studies led researchers in the late 1940s through the 1960s to go in a different direction. They began looking at the behaviors exhibited by specific leaders. They wondered if there was something unique in the way that effective leaders behave. In this section, We look at three different behavioral theories of leadership to answer that question. 早期特性研究的失败导致研究人员在20世纪40年代末到60年代去了一个不同的方向。他们开始寻找特定的领导者表现的行为。他们想知道，有什么是领导者最有效的，独特的行为方式。在这一部分，我们来看看三种不同的领导行为理论来回答这个问题。 If the behavioral approach to leadership were successful it would have implications quite different from those of the trait approach. 如果领导行为的方法是成功的，将从这些特性的方法完全不同的含义。 ① Ohio State Studies俄亥俄州的研究 Researchers at Ohio State sought to identify independent dimensions o