[江大英语课文整理--.doc

（粗字体的是老师上课讲的重点，未加粗的作为补充，答题时关键是答出关键词。答题时看清问的是什么，What is…?, What are the purposes of…?, Do you know how many kinds of…?, Could you mention their names?...） Unit 1 General Description of Literature Reading and Translation (4hrs) Definition of Literature 文学的定义 Literature is a general term（总括） for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. 文学是一个通用术语（总括）专业著作，书籍，文件和其他文件的形式。 The word literature used in this textbook does not mean “文学”, but “文献” or “文献资料”, specifically referring to various documentations in the field of international industrial business and academic exchanges. Since literature is the general term for printed materials, it should be further classified according to what a specific documentary work is. 这个词使用这本教科书并不意味着文学的“文学”，而是“文献”或“文献资料”，具体指的是在该领域的国际工业企业和学术交流的各种单证。因为文学是印刷材料的总称，它应进一步分类，根据一个特定的纪实作品是什么。 Classification of Literature 文学的分类 1) Textbooks 教科书 In general, a textbook is a kind of professional writing specially designed for the students in a given branch of learning. Textbooks are compiled（编译） in a rigidly scientific, systematic and logical way. Comparatively, the content of a textbook is mature and well established. 在一般情况下，一本教科书，是一种专为学生在学习的一个分支专业写作。教科书的编译（编译）在严格的科学性，系统性和逻辑的方式。相比较而言，一本教科书的内容是成熟和完善。 2) Monographs(专著) A monograph is “an artide or short book on one particular subject or branch of a subject that the writer has studied deeply” The content of a monograph usually includes the history and present status of a particular subject, observed data, experimental methods and results, existing problems and the developing trend, various viewpoints and discussions of different schools of thought, research achievements and further exploration, and so on. A monograph usually functions as an important guide for the reader to understand the particular study comprehensively and deeply. 一本专着是“在一个特定的主题或分支的一个课题，笔者进行了深入研究”一本专着的内容通常包括特定对象的历史和现状，观测到的数据，实验方法和结果artide或短的书，存在的问题及发展趋势，不同的观点和不同学派的思想，研究成果，进一步探索，等等的讨论。一本专着通常为读者全面，深入地了