[中考第二轮复习第15章句子的结构.docVIP

第十五章 句子的结构英语的句子，与汉语句子类似，按照语法结构也可分为三类，即简单句，并列句和复合句。那么有关这三种句型的详细信息，请看下面的讲解。一、简单句简单句只包含一个主谓结构，并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成，不包含任何从句。简单句有五种基本句型。1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)The new term begins.新学期开始了。2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语The girl is learning to play the piano.这个女孩在学弹钢琴。3.主语+连系动词+表语Susan is a student.苏珊是个学生。4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语He bought her a watch.他给她买了一块表。5. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补语We all be lived you honest.我们都认为你是诚实的。二、并列句(简单句+连词+简单句)并列句是由两个或多个简单句连接而成的。其中的各个简单句并列平行，同等重要，相互之 间没有从属关系，能够独立成句。它们之间要用连词连接。并列句可分为四种：1.表示相同关系用连词或逗号、分号连接构成并列句。常用连词有：and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...Her father is a teacher and her mother is a doctor.她的父亲是老师，母亲是医生。Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high.苏姗不但跑得快，而且跳得高。I could neither swim nor skate.我既不会游泳，也不会滑冰。I wouldnt see this film , its boring.我不想看这个电影，它令人心烦。2.表示转折关系常用连词有：but, still, yet, while, when等。It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.夜已深了，但是他还在继续做作业。She was busy cooking while they were watching TV.她忙着做饭，而他们却在看电视。The film is not perfect, still, its good.这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔，但还是好的。3.表示选择关系常用连词为：or, either...or...。Would you have tea or coffee?你是喝茶还是咖啡?The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。4.表示因果关系常用连词有for和so。She soon fell asleep, for she was too tired.她很快就睡着了，因为她太累了。We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train to leave.我们急忙赶往车站，因为火车很快就要开了。It was raining harder and harder, so we had to stay at home.雨下得越来越大，所以我们只得呆在家里。The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went.老师让苏姗到她那去，因此她就去了。三、复合句(主句+连词+从句)包含一个主句，一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一 成分，如主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语等。1.主语从句主语从句就是从句作主语。它可作谓语动词的主语，也可作分词的主语。主语从句有三种：(1)由that引导：It is impolite that you talked so loud in the restaurant.你们在餐馆那么大声音说话是极不礼貌的。It is a great surprise that she won the champion.她得了冠军，真是令人惊异。(2)由what, whatever和whoever等代词引导：What she said just now is correct.她刚才说的话很对。What caused the air disaster is