[第四章形容词.doc

第四章 形容词 英语中用来表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态的，修饰名词的词称为形容词，基本用法是为名词提供更多的信息。 形容词的作用 可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语或宾语等。 The beautiful girl speaks excellent English. The dress has a very reasonable price. (very 使形容词的意义更强烈) It’s dry and sunny today. We found the story quite instructive. (宾语补语) 特别注意： We should respect the old and love the young. The old are well looked after. We all love the true, the kind, the beautiful.. (不是所有的形容词都可以这样用，有一定的限制，主要：定冠词+某些形容词，表示“一类人”，这时已经名词化，相当于一个名词，所以可以作主语和宾语。表示一类人时，看作复数；表示一类事物时，看作单数。the old / the young / the sick / the rich / the poor / the impossible / the true / the false / the good /the bad / the beautiful / the ugly / ) 有一类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语（叙述）形容词。它们没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid / alone / asleep / alive / awake / worth / unable / ill He is ill. The boy is afraid of his father. The ill man was afraid of death. X (sick) 形容词的位置 1、一般放在被修饰的名词前。 a. 几个形容词并列时，与被修饰词更密切、更具体、更具有实质性的要靠中心词更近。a small quiet town 一个安静的小城 two nice yellow British wooden tables 两张很漂亮的英国产的黄色的木头桌子 冠词/代词+数词+大小/长短/高低/形状+一般的描绘性+年龄/长幼/新旧+颜色+国籍+材料/类别/用途+中心词 b. 有a, an, my, this 等词时：冠词/代词+形容词+名词 a tall boy c. 修饰something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，要放在这些词后。 We saw something white in the dark. There is nothing important in the newspaper. 报纸上 d. 与其他词语构成词组时，特别是当它带有表示量度的词或词组时，要放在中心词后。（语法术语：定语后置） English is a language They have built a bridge two hundred meters long. (a two-meters-long bridge )合成词 We built a building thirteen storeys high. (a thirteen-storey-high building) 常用的形容词词组： be good at / be poor(rich) in / be proud of / be ready to / near to / next to / be able to / be afraid of / be angry with(at) 对。。。发怒 / be angry at (about) 因。。。生气 / be different from / be famous for / be fond of / be full of / be glad to / be difficult to / be eager to / be easy to/ 形容词的比较级和最高级 1、规则变化 a. 一般单音节词末尾加er, est b. 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以le结尾的双音节词只加r, st nice / large / able 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加er, est. big / hot / 辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y 为I, 再加er,est easy / busy 少数以er, ow结尾的双