第二节 常见译词法第二节 常见的译词法.doc

第二节 常见的译词法 （一）推演法—— 根据英语词典的原文解释推演出汉语词义。如： Equilateral (adj.): having all sides or faces equal; detente(n.) : a relaxation of strained relations or tensions(as between nations) community: a social group or class having common interests. business community legal community academic community diplomatic community Turkish community foreign community the indigenous community Sarah community Shia community （二）移植法------ 即直译法。如： microwave 微波 right-wing 右翼 outparty 在野党 petroldollar石油美元 （三）引申法------- 为适应译文表意或行文的需要，对原文词义进行延续或扩展。 A类：词义从具体引向抽象，从特殊引向一般，从局部引向概括，从实引向虚。 There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference. Bottleneck 的原义是“瓶颈、交通狭口”，引申为“限制”；Preference的原义是“偏爱”，引申为“考虑”。 译为：过去有过这种情况：移民限制极为严格，不许任何人出于个人考虑而迁居他国。 Brain drain has been Egypt’s Number One concern, as a matter of fact it has become an epidemic in that area of the world. Brain的原义是“头脑”，引申为“人才”； concern的原义是“关心的事”，引申为“问题”。Epidemic的原义是“流行病”，引申为“很普遍的严重问题”。 译为：人才外流不仅是埃及的首要问题，而且是世界那一地区很普遍的严重问题。 Their life style could seem Spartan to a city family with their assets. Spartan 指“古希腊斯巴达人的”，引申为“严朴”。 译为：他们的生活方式对城市里的殷实人家来说，似乎过于严朴。 Now you can meet good Samaritans again, here, there and everywhere. Samaritans源出《圣经》，指乐善好施者，引申为“乐于助人者”。 译为：现在你又可以处处见到乐于助人的人了。 B类：词义从抽象引向具体，从一般引向特殊，从概括引向局部，从虚引向实。 （1）When we go on a Sunday outing, it is to do Musee du Louvre. Do 被引申为“逛”，从一般引向特殊。译文：如果星期天出门，我们就逛罗浮宫。 （2）The Democratic Party is the party of longest continuous existence. Existence（存在）引申为“党史”。 译文：民主党则是党史最长、其间又从未中断过的一个政党。 （3）Saudi Arabia has had problems with Iraq and South Yemen, but he tried hard to remain in touch with leaders of both states. Problems(问题)引申为“纠葛”。 译文：沙特阿拉伯与伊拉克和南也门之间早有纠葛，但他仍竭尽全力与两国领导人保持接触。 （4）He is a valuable acquisition to the team. Acquisition(获得、获得物)。译文：他是该球队不可多得的新队员。 （5）There is more to their life