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1．自世纪之交以来，中国历经重大的经济和文化变迁，绘画艺术也不例外。以国画为例，国画可以分为人物画、山水画和花鸟画。山水画是中国画的一个重要门类。国画有自己特定的材料和工具，包括各种毛笔、墨等。传统国画仍旧在现代中国人的生活中占有一重要席位，同时，现在许多画家渴望表达他们的现代经历。通过将新的表达方式与传统绘画技巧结合起来， 他们正开创一个广阔的新艺术表现世界。（179-band 4 6） Since the turn of the century, China has experienced great economic and cultural changes, and the art of painting is no exception. Take Chinese painting as an example; it can be classified into figure painting, landscape painting and flower-and-bird paintings. Landscapes take up a large percentage in traditional Chinese painting. These kind of painting has its special materials and tools, consisting of brushes of different types, ink， etc. The Chinese painting occupies an important place in the life of modern Chinese. Many painters now desire to express their modern experiences. By combining new modes of expression with traditional Chinese painting techniques, they are opening up a vast new world of artistic expression. 2．毛笔、墨、纸和砚台(ink slab)是传统书写和绘画的工具和材料，被称为“文房四宝”，在文化和艺术传播中扮演一个重要的角色。其中毛笔是一种中国特有的书写工具，在中国书法和绘画中沿用至今。而砚台的起源、原材料的选择、特殊的变种和著名砚台的制作，可以揭示贯穿于中国历史中的历史、文化和美学价值观。书法家或艺术家将墨棒（ink stick）“four treasures of the study”， which have played an important role in spreading culture and art. The writing brush is a handcraft article peculiar to China. A look into the origin, selection of the raw materials, special varieties, and making of the famous ink slabs reveals the historical, cultural and aesthetic values throughout Chinese history. By mixing ink stick with water, and grinding it on the ink slab, the calligraphers or artists can create different and innumerable shades of black and gray. 4．中国世界上最古老的文明有5000多年。中国是民族组成家庭。由于汉族中国人口的百分之九十，其余通常被称为“少数民族”。汉族，蒙古族回族藏族维吾尔族Uygur）构成最大民族群体他们分布在 China has the worlds oldest civilizations with a history of over 5,000 years. It is a big nation consisting of 56 different ethnic groups. Because the Han people accounts for more than ninety percent of Chinas population, the remaining fifty-five ethic groups are generally referred to as ethnic mi