毕业设计——高功率石墨化设备的研究讲义.doc

摘 要 为提高材料的导热导电性、热稳定性耐滑性耐磨性等，将碳石墨材料经过高温热处理变为石墨化制品。 焙烧品经石墨化后，电阻率降低，约为原来的1/3～1/4；真密度约提高10%；导热性提高10倍左右；线膨胀系数降低约1/2；氧化开始温度也有所提高；杂质汽化逸出、灰分降低；机械强度有所降低。 目前国内广泛应用的石墨化设备主要有两种，一种是艾奇逊炉；另一种是内串石墨化炉。两种炉型都有各自的优缺点。艾奇逊炉设备结构简单，操作方便，坚固耐用, 容易维修, 但有通电周期长，热效率也很低，制品的石墨化电耗高等缺点。相对于艾奇逊炉，内串石墨化炉具有加热温升快、电耗低制品石墨化程度均匀、不用电阻料，生产成本低等优点。所以本次设计中，具体介绍了石墨化的目的、作用、机理等，并且对几种炉型进行了分析，最后根据年产2万吨的年产量，选定内串石墨化炉为主要设备，并对炉体尺寸进行了计算，且对配套设备铜排铝排以及变压器进行了选型，最后得出结论。 关键词：石墨化；艾奇逊；内串； Abstract In order to improve the thermal conductivity, thermal stability and wear resistance of the materials, carbon graphite material is changed into graphite products by high temperature heat treatment.. After baking goods are graphitised and decrease of resistivity, is about the original 1 / 3 to 1 / 4; true density increased about 10%; thermal conductivity increased by ten times or so; linear expansion coefficient decreased by approximately 1 / 2; oxidation onset temperature also increased; impurity vaporization escaping, low ash content; mechanical strength decreased. At present, there are two main types of the graphite equipment, one is Acheson furnace, the other is the LWG.Acheson furnace device structure is simple, operation is convenient and durable, easy maintenance, but power cycle is long, the thermal efficiency is very low, product graphitization power consumption disadvantages.With respect to the Acheson furnace, on graphitization furnace with heating temperature rises fast, uniform power consumption products low graphitization degree, no resistance materials, low production cost and other advantages. So in the design, concretely introduces the graphitization of the purpose, function, mechanism, and has carried on the analysis to the several types of furnace, finally according to an annual output of 20 thousand tons of annual output, within the selected on graphitization furnace is the main equipment and to the furnace body size were calculated, and to form a complete set of equipment of copper