非谓语动词和邀信.ppt

B级总复习 非谓 语动词/邀请信 一.概述 非谓语动词就是不做谓语的动词,包括动词不定式,动名词和分词,在句中可以做主语,宾语,定语,状语和补语.主要形式见下表: 二.动名词和不定式做主语的用法 动名词和不定式均可以做主语,一般情况下区别不大. 动名词一般用来表示经常性的行为, 不定式既可以表示经常性的行为,也可以表示某一次具体的行为. 为了避免头重脚轻,经常把这种句式转化为由it引导的形式主语.例如: Eating good food with friends can make us feel happy. To eat with good friends can make us happy. It can make us feel happy eating (to eat) good food with good friends. To see a film today will be very exciting. It will be very exciting to see a film today. 注意事项: 1.下列句型中of 和for 的不同用法: It+谓语+for sb. to do sth. (of sb. to do sth.) It+谓语+ for sb. doing sth. 一般在句中有下列形容词:kind,nice, wise, clever, wrong, polite,impolite, silly, foolish, stupid, careful, careless, bright等时,用of, 而不用for.这些词的共同特点是都是用来描述人的内在品质或特点,因此都能与of后面的宾语连用. It was wrong of the students to smoke in school. It was foolish of him to trust that bad man . 2.下列句型及习惯用法常用动名词 It is no use (useless, of little use, no good, dangerous) doing sth. Seeing is believing. (To see is to believe.) It’s no use crying over split milk.覆水难收. 3.动名词或动词不定式单独做主语时,谓语动词按第三人称单数处理. Raising five children is really a challenge. To raise five children is really a challenge. 三.做表语的非谓语动词 三种形式的非谓语动词都可以做表语,但是必须重视它们之间的区别. 动名词做表语时,表示经常发生的事情. My job is nursing. 比较:He is teaching. 与进行时态的区别在于动名词与主语是可逆的,即我们同样也可以说Nursing is my job.而后者则不可以. 不定式做表语表示具体某次的行为. Your homework today is to do the exercises on Page 10. 现在分词做表语表示的是主语的特征,过去分词做表语表示的是主语的状态. 经常用现在分词和过去分词做表语的情绪动词主要有:excite,endourage, move, astonish, surprise, frighten, bore, tire, disappoint, interest, worry, puzzle, shock, satisfy等. The book is very interesting, and I’m very interested in it. The job is very boring, so the workers are all very tired of it. 四.动名词和不定式 做宾语的惯用法 动名词和不定式既可以做动词的宾语又可以做介词的宾语。 1.做动词的宾语 常用不定式做宾语的动词（通常是表示一次性动作的动词）有:plan, decide, determine, hope,wish, expect, manage, fail, intend, offer, promise等. 常用动名词做宾语的动词（通常是表示连贯动作的动词）有:finish, enjoy, mind, imagine, practice, suggest, excuse, avoid, care. 动词后接不定式和动名词有区别的动词必须牢记: love, like, prefer 表示经常性的行为或习惯,