LinguisticsRevision语言学复习资料解析.doc

Final examination for Introduction to Linguistics (January, 2015) Translation (1 X 20 = 20 %): Chinese into English = 10 English into Chinese = 10 Fill in the blanks (2 X 15 = 30 %): Fill in the blanks in sentences using linguistic terms Definitions ( 4 X 5 = 20 %) Short essays (15 X 2 = 30 %) Revision Terms for sections I, II, and III. Chapter 7: 1) sociolinguistics 社会语言学 Sociolinguistics might be defined as the study of correlations between linguistic variables (e.g. the precise phonetic quality of a vowel, or the presence or absence of a certain element in a system and non-linguistic variables such as the social class of speakers, their age, sex, hometown, etc. 2) the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假说 American Anthropological linguistics Linguistic determinism: Language determines our way of thinking. Linguistic relativity: similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. 3) linguistic determinism 语言决定论 Language determines our way of thinking. 4) linguistic relativity 语言相对论 Similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. 5) the context of situation 情景语境 According to Halliday, the context of situation contains three components: （1）Field of discourse: the subject matter being discussed. （2）Tenor of discourse: the social relations between the participants of conversations （3）Mode of discourse: the channel of communication 6) communicative competence 交际能力 The implications from sociolinguistics for language teaching is called communicative competence Hymes: (1) Whether (and to what degree) something is formally possible.(2) Whether (and to what degree) something is feasible, in virtue of the means of implementation available.(3) Whether (and to what degree) something is appropriate (adequate, happy, successful) in relation to the context in which it is