医学免疫学名解英文..doc

免疫 Immune response: the response made by the host to defend itself against the introduction of foreign substances. Antigen: An antigen is any agent capable of binding specifically to components of immune system, such as BCR and soluble antibodies Immunogen - A substance that induces a specific immune response. (All immunogens are antigens, but not all antigens are immunogens) Antigenicity: The ability of a compound to bind with antibodies or cells of the immune system. This binding is highly specific. Immunogenicity Immunogenicity?is the ability of a particular substance, such as an?antigen?or?epitope, to provoke a specific?immune response?in the body of a human or animal. Hapten半抗原：A hapten is a small molecule which can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one which also does not elicit an immune response by itself. Epitope Epitope is the portion of the antigen that binds specifically with the binding site of an antibody or a receptor on a lymphocyte. TI-Ag Thymus -independent antigens are antigens which can directly stimulate the B cells to produce antibody without the requirement for T cell help in general. TD-Ag Thymus -dependent antigens are those that do not directly stimulate the production of antibody without the help of T cells Super antigen An antigen which polyclonally activates some subtypes of the T cells (up to 20%). Adjuvants: A substance that when mixed with an immunogen, enhances the immune response against the immunogen. Immunoglobulin The Immunoglobulins are globulin which function as antibodies or similar to antibodies in chemical structure. Complementarity determining region (CDR)互补决定区：A complementarity determining region (CDR) is a short amino acid sequence found in the variable domains of antigen receptor (e.g. immunoglobulin and T cell receptor) proteins that complements an antigen and therefore provides the receptor with its specificity for that partic