[高一英语重点和难点.docxVIP

高一英语第一学期重点和难点重点:句子的成分和种类状语、定语、名词性从句重点词汇和句型难点：翻译的技巧时态（含现在完成进行时和将来完成时）及语态（含主动表被动）高一英语讲义教学对象:新高一教学时长:2个小时教学重难点: 1.英语句子成分解 2.英语句子种类讲解教学过程: 一: 导入:自我介绍及简单的师生交流二:新知识点讲授1) 英语简单句的五种基本结构S+V是主谓?S+V+DO 是主谓加双宾?S+V+P是主谓宾?S(主语)＋V(谓语)＋ I(间接宾语)＋D(直接宾语)?S(主语)＋V(动词)＋O (宾语)＋Complement(补语)?下面是讲解1. Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)?这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：?The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。?She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。?The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。?2. Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)?这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：?(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：?Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。?We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。?This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。?The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。?(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：?Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。?Dont have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。?The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。?3. Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)?这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：?You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。?Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。?She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。?I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。?4. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)?这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：?Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。?The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。?这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词＋宾语＋ for sb.； 2)动词＋宾语＋to sb.。如：?Please show me your picture.?－Please show your picture to me.?请把你的画给我看一下。?Ill offer you a good chance as long as you dont lose heart.?—Ill offer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose heart.?只要你不失去信心，我会给