(动词完成时语法讲解.docVIP

动词的完成时 动词的完成时包括现在完成时和过去完成时。现在完成时是一种既涉及过去又联系现在的时态。与现在完成时不同的是，过去完成时将时间推移到过去某一时间之前，即所谓的“过去的过去”。 He had lived in Beijing for ten years. He said he had lived in Beijing ten years before. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的肯定句 句型：主语+have/has+过去分词+…… I have bought lots of books about Western customs. 现在完成时的否定句 句型：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+…… The Simpsons haven’t been to Canada since the day they left. 现在完成时的一般疑问句 句型：Have/Has +主语+过去分词+…… -Has the huntsman killed Snow White? -Yes,he has./No,he hasn’t. 现在完成时的特殊疑问句 句型：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+…… How long have you been here? 现在完成时的几种用法 影响、结束 现在完成时表示在过去不确定的时间里发生过或者未发生过的动作对现在产生的结果和影响，或者表示开始于过去的动作最近刚结束。 (1)表示过去的动作对现在产生的结果和影响 The tickets have sold out! (2)表示开始于过去的动作最近刚结束 常与以下时间状语连用： just already ever recently never yet I have just heard the news that our school will set up a press club. 2．继续 现在完成时表示过去开始，持续到现在，而且还可能持续下去的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用。 this week/month lately these days since since then so far for a long time up to now till/until now in the past few days I’ve known Grace since my childhood. 3.经历 现在完成时表示从过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情，常和以下词语连用： Often never ever once twice since before three times He has never been ill in his life. 使用现在完成时需注意事项 现在完成时强调的是在时间上与现在的联系，因此它不能和表示确定的过去时间状语连用，如ago，yesterday，last week，three years ago，in 2001以及以when为首的疑问句等。在现在完成时的句子中，终止性动词（瞬间动词）一般不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。 现在完成时与一般过去时 现在完成时与一般过去时都表示在过去做的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在的结果、影响等。一般过去是则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。所以，一些表示过去的固定时间状语只能与一般过去时连用，如ago，last，或由when引导的问句都不能与现在完成时连用。 I have just cleaned my room I cleaned my room yesterday. (1)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别举例 I visited your school three weeks ago. I have already visited your school. I have visited your school before. I have visited your school three weeks ago. I bought a teddy bear last Sunday. I have just bought a teddy bear. I have bought a teddy bear last Sunday. (2)when不能和现在完成时连用。 When did you buy the red car? When have you bo