Linguistics-notes..doc

Linguistics Textbook and reference books 陈新仁，《》2007。 戴炜栋、何兆熊，《》2010。 胡壮麟主编，《》2001。 丁言仁，郝克，《》2001。 Yule, G. The Study of Language [语言研究]. 外语教学与研究出版社，2000. Unit One .Definition : scientific study of language Main Branches of Linguistics Sounds of language Phonetics语音学 Phonology音位学 Grammer Morphology形态学 Syntax句法学 Meaning Semantics语义学 Pragmatics语用学(有语境) Macrolinguistics Sociolinguistics 社会语言学 Psycholinguistics 语言心理学 computational linguistics计算语言学 … Applied Linguistics The languages of the world Language families The Indo-European Famliy(印欧语系) The Uralic Famliy (乌拉尔语系) The Altalic Famliy (阿尔泰语系) 1.1 The definition of language Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication “language” used in various contexts(pp.10-11, No. 1) ‘Chinese is a language Linguistics is the systematic study of language. Both Jane and John like Shakespeare’s language. the language of bees 1.2 The functions of language Language contributes to the success of our everyday life and the survival of human beings. Some common functions of language phatic: Hello! directive: Get out of my way! informative: The earth revolves around the sun. interrogative: Do you know his hobby? expressive: I hate her. evocative: How do you like Jack? performative: I hereby declare the meeting open. interpersonal: Tommy, Dear Friend recreational: humor; rhyming; puns metalinguistic: what I mean is; in other words Roman Jakobson’s Model Six elements of speech event: Addresser — Emotive Addressee — Conative 意动功能：通过命令和恳求去说服和影响他人 Context — Referential Message — Poetic Contact — Phatic communion Code — Metalinguistic M.A.K Halliday’s Model Macrofunctions of language (元语言功能) the ideational function:概念功能 to organize the speaker or writer’s experience of the real or imaginary world. the interpersonal functi