thebiomechanicsofskiing滑雪中的生物力学Thischapterprovides.docVIP

the biomechanics of skiing 滑雪中的生物力学 This chapter provides background information on the biomechanics most relevant to skiing. It outlines how the muscles and skeleton function as a system to create balanced movement. 本章将会阐述与滑雪有关的生物力学相关信息，以及介绍肌肉骨骼系统如何形成运动平衡。 Bio Mechanics is the science of human bodies in motion. It combines the fields of mechanics (the physics of forces on objects in motion) and anatomy (muscles, bones and joints). 生物力学是人体运动的科学。它结合了力学领域（物体运动的物理力学）和解剖学（肌肉、骨骼和关节）。 Skiing efficiently requires balanced movement which is a blend of skeletal strength and muscular strength. 有效滑行所要求的运动平衡是骨骼强度和肌肉力量的共同结果。 Skeletal strength is when skiers are in an athletic stance and their body is balanced. The muscles have a functional amount of tension and the skier is supported primarily by skeletal strength. Bones stack on top of bones and there is minimal muscular action required to remain upright. If the skier moves away from the athletic stance muscles in the legs, abdomen, torso and neck must tighten/engage to keep an upright position. The skier is no longer relying on skeletal strength. The most efficient athletic stance involves a blend of skeletal and muscular strength that promotes the ability to move in any direction. 当滑行者处于滑行基础站姿并保持平衡时，肌肉会有一定张力，但主要的支撑来自于骨骼强度，骨骼各居其位，保持身体直立的肌肉运动非常少。一旦变换其他姿势，腿部、腹部、躯干和颈部的肌肉就需要参与活动/紧张，以保持身体的直立，这时，仅靠骨骼强度是不够的。最有效的滑行姿势是肌肉力量和骨骼强度的综合产物，朝任一方向运动都能游刃有余。 proprioception 本体感觉 This is kinesthetic awareness, involving the awareness of movement and the orientation in space of the body and its various parts, through internal sensors called proprioceptors. Located primarily in the joints, muscles, tendons, and the inner ear, proprioceptors are responsible for the kinesthetic awareness of what our bodies are doing. Developing a skier’s kinesthetic awareness is key to developing their ability to move accurately. 这是一种动觉意识，是通过一种叫做本体感受器的体内传感器，获得运动感知、身体及其各部分的空间定位意识。本体感应器主要分布于关节、肌肉、肌腱和内耳中，它负责感知我们身体的运动。滑行者建立动觉意识对他们控制身体做出精准动作非常关键。 anatomical body planes