汉语英语十大差异-1.ppt

英汉十大差异 Differences between Chinese and English What are the differences between Chinese and English? Etymology English --- Indo-European Family Chinese --- Sino-Tibetan Family 1.英语重形合,汉语重意合. 跑得了和尚,跑不了庙. The monks may run away, but the temple cannot run away with him. 一个英国人,不会说中国话,有一次在中国旅行. An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China. 那太阳,整天躲在云层里,现在又光芒四射了. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in full splendor. 英语重形合,汉语重意合. 他不去我去. I’d like to go if he wouldn’t. 他不去我也去. I’d go there even if he wouldn’t to with me. 他不去我才去. I’d go there only if he won’t. 人穷志短 When a man is poor his ambition is not far-reaching. (Poverty stifles ambition.) 人穷志不短. Though one is poor, he has high apiration. 人有脸,树有皮. The face is as important to a man as the bark to a tree. 2.英语:前重心;汉语:后重心 英汉句子的重心,就逻辑而言,一般均落在结论,断言,结果以及事实上,但细究之下,其”异在于重心的位置所在,即 “英前汉后”. 生活中既有悲剧,文学作品就可以写悲剧. 这是一个 “因果”句,汉语一般是先因后果.如此排列可见“因”轻“果”重.相应的英语表达是: Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.(先果后因) 小国人民敢于起来斗争,敢于拿起武器,掌握自己国家的命运,就一定能够战胜大国的侵略. 本句所用句式为:条件---断言,即”如果怎样,结果就怎样”.前者”条件”为轻,后者”断言”为重.其相应英语表达为: The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country. (先“断言”后“条件”) 3.英语:静态语言;汉语:动态语言 英语有少用(谓语)动词,或使用其他手段表示动作意义的自然倾向;而汉语则有动辄使用动词的固有习惯. 英语静态特征的表现主要有句法方式或词汇方式两种.前者如使用非谓语或非限定动词,省略动词以及将动词名词化等;后者如使用动词的同源名词,同源形容词,介词及副词等.相对而言,汉语的动词由于无英语动词那样的形态变化,若要表达动作意义,往往别无他法,只能起用动词本身. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 9 nouns,5 preps,1 verb 因为距离远，交通工具缺乏，使农村社会与外界隔绝。这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足，而变得更加严重。 回译 Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media. 英语:静态语言;汉语:动态语言 我疯狂地爱上了她,她也疯狂地爱上了我. I fell