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英语国家概况chapter6 chapter4-6
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Chapter 4 Syntax
I.Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:
1.Syntax is a sub-field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, including the combination of morphemes into words.
2.Grammatical sentences are formed following a set of syntactic rules.
3.Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic.
4.Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
5.The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
6.In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
7.Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
8.Minor lexical categories are open because these categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for.
9.In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.
10.In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb.
11.What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge.
12.A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.
13.It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure.
14.WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.
II.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word whi
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