毕业论文-高血压护理(卢宗芹).doc

高血压病患者的护理高血压病是指在静息状态下动脉收缩压和/或舒张压增高≥140/90mmHg），常伴有脂肪和糖代谢紊乱以及心、脑、肾和视网膜等器官功能性或器质性改变。由于部分高血压患者并无明显的临床症状，高血压又被称为人类健康的“无形杀手”。探讨在对高血压病患者的临床护理真正提高自我生活质量，远离病痛的折磨，高质量的生活高血压病除了药物治疗外，心理护理和健康教育也不可忽视，对患者提供心理护理和健康教育，是一项很重要的护理工作因此提高对高血压病的认识，对早期预防、及时治疗有极其重要的意义。 The hypertension means that systolic and/ or diastolic blood pressures are increasing (=140/90mmHg)during resting state, often accompanied by fat and glucose metabolic disorder, functional and organic changes of organs such as heart, brain, kidneys and others as well. High blood pressure can be divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Because clinical symptoms of part of hypertensive patients are no obvious, high blood pressure also known as invisible killers to human health. To discuss the clinical nursing methods of hypertensive patients, we guide 72 hypertensive patients to do psychological nursing, aerobic exercise, dietary instruction, rational using of drugs and give up smoking effectively. The patient was discharged with a better health condition with effective rate reaches 96%.Conclusion: The experience of holistic nursing and dietary instruction on hypertensive patients will reduce the risk of deteriorating the symptoms or recurrent, therefore, we should raise the awareness of hypertension, which has extremely important meaning to early prevention and timely treatment. 【关键词】高血压 护理措施 高血压是一种世界性的常见疾病，患者临床上以体循环动脉压增高为主。高血压的病因迄今尚未阐明，主要与年龄大小、职业属性、所在环境、遗传基因、食盐量及体重因素相关，普遍认为，高级神经中枢功能下降在并发症中占重要地位，而体液、内分泌因素及肾脏等也在并发症中呈现。经常反复的过度劳累与精神刺激使大脑皮层功能混乱，从而影响了对大脑皮层下血管舒缩中枢的正常运行，形成了以血管收缩带来的神经冲动为主导的兴奋中枢，最终导致细小动脉痉挛，外周血管产生阻力，血压升高。成为公共卫生问题当患者确诊为高血压时需要接受长期治疗，且根据血压值及并发症合理调整治疗药物，故高血压患者除了临床治疗及护理外，院外的血压自我监测对高血压的治疗与稳定也很重要。诊断标准按WHO的标准，理想的血压为120/80 mm Hg（ 1mm Hg=0.133 kPa），正常血压为130/85 mmHg以下，130～139/85～89 mm Hg为临界高血压，为正常高限；140～159/90～99 mm Hg为高血压期，此时机体无任何器质性病变，只是单纯高血压；160～179/100～109 mm Hg为高血压期，此时有左心室肥厚、心、脑、肾损害等器质性病变，但功能还在代偿状态；180/110 mm Hg以上为高血压期，此时有脑出血、心力衰竭、肾衰竭等病变，已进入失代偿期，随时可能发生生命危险。正常人的收缩压随年龄增加而升高，故高血压病的发病率也随着年龄的上升而升高。根据血压升高的不同，高