[醛课件人教版化学选修5.ppt

第三章 烃的含氧衍生物 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 儿童房甲醛超标易诱发儿童白血病 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 去甲醛十大植物高手 吊兰 龙舌兰 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 第二节醛 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1、醛的定义： 从结构上看，由烃基（或氢原子）跟醛基(-CHO)相连而成的化合物叫醛。 一、醛的概念和通式 R Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、醛的分类： 醛 脂肪醛 芳香醛 一元醛 二元醛 多元醛 饱和醛、不饱和醛 R Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 讨论：饱和一元醛的通式？ C O H H 甲醛 C O H CH3 乙醛 丙醛 C O H CH3CH2 C O H R 3、饱和一元醛的通式： CnH2n+1CHO 或 CnH2nO Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4、醛的同分异构现象 除本身的碳架异构外，醛与酮、烯醇、环醇互为同分异构体 如：C3H6O CH3-CH2-C-H O CH3-C-CH3 O CH2=CH-CH2-OH -OH C4H9—CHO有几种同分异构体？ C4H9— 有4种同分异构体 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1、乙醛 （1）分子结构 分子式：C2H4O 结构式： 结构简式：CH3CHO 官能团：醛基—CHO H H H H C C O 醛基的写法，不要写成—COH 友情提示 二、醛的性质 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 吸收强度 10 8 6 4 2 0 P56 图3-12 核磁共振氢谱 乙醛分子结构中含有两类不同位置的氢原子，因此在核磁共振氢谱中有两组峰，峰的面积与氢原子数成正比。因此峰面积较大或峰高较高的是甲基氢原子，反之，是醛基上的氢原子。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. （2）乙醛的物理性质 常温下为无色有刺激性气味的液体， 密度比水小， 沸点：20.8℃， 易挥发，易燃烧， 能与水、乙醇、乙醚、氯仿等互溶。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0