托福写作常见语法错误举例分析..docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福写作常见语法错误举例分析 摘要： 托福写作中语法错误是最常见的，对托福写作成绩的影响也是最致命的，那么托福写作常见语法错误有哪些呢?今天我们就从实例出发一起来分析一下。 1. 句子前后不对称 例：A business report in China Daily once revealed that the average income of employees in large companies was 4 times higher than small companies. 分析：使用比较级时，要注意所比较对象的对称。前面是the average income“平均收入”，那么后面比较的对象也应该是钱，而不是small companies“小公司”。 改：A business report in China Daily once revealed that the average income of employees in large companies was 4 times higher than that of small companies. 《中国日报》在一次商业报告中曾披露：大公司员工的平均收入是小公司员工收入的4倍。 例: Beijing is shrouded in thick haze and fog in winter, while Hainan’s people live in an environment like heaven, with birds, flowers and sunshine. 分析：使用连词“while, whereas”的时候，所连接的两个单句要结构对称。前面是Beijing，while后面所对比的应该是Hainan，而不是Hainan’s people;前面是动词be，while后面也最好使用动词be来保持句子的前后平衡。 改：Beijing is shrouded in thick haze and fog in winter, while Hainan is like heaven, with birds, flowers and sunshine. 冬天的北京被严重的雾霾笼罩着，然而此时的海南犹如天堂，鸟语花香，阳光灿烂。 2. 动词使用问题 例：Assigning suitable homework to students has been proven effective in improving their grades. 分析：prove是系动词，没有被动语态。另外，不及物动词也没有被动语态，比如：happan, appear, occur, emerge, rise等。 改：Assigning suitable homework to students has proven effective in improving their grades. 给学生布置适合的作业已经证明是提高他们成绩的有效方式。 例: Employees who work for a small company have fixed wages and lack of promotion. 分析：lack作动词时，是及物动词，不需要of;作名词时，通常用作lack of。考生在背写作词汇时，要多留心眼，注意下该动词是及物还是不及物，避免使用错误。 改：Employees who work for a small company have fixed wages and lack promotion. 在小公司工作的员工们通常有固定工资，缺少晋升机会。 3. 两个独立单句之间没有连词 例：People are more interested in the availability of public facilities, such as roads, hospitals and libraries, these facilities have an important impact on their daily lives. 分析：本句中的people are …和these facilities have …之间没有连词。写一句话时，其中两个独立的单句要有连词(and, but等)衔接，或者用关系代词连接，使它们变成主句和定语从句的关系。 改：People are more interested in the availability of public facilities, such as roads, hospitals and libraries, which have an important imp