[高中化学有机物系统命名法.ppt

高中化学有机化学系统命名法 1。烷烃 2。烯烃 3。苯类 4。以及他们的衍生物 练习： 判断下列名称的正误： 1）3，3 – 二甲基丁烷； 2）2，3 –二甲基-2 –乙基己烷； 3）2，3－二甲基－４－乙基己烷； 　４）2，3，５ –三甲基己烷 烯烃和炔烃的系统命名法： 步骤： 二、烯烃和炔烃的命名： 　命名方法：与烷烃相似，即一长、一近、一简、一多、一小的命名原则。但不同点是主链必须含有双键或叁键。 　命名步骤： 　　　１、选主链，含双键（叁键）； 　　　２、定编号，近双键（叁键）； 　　　３、写名称，标双键（叁键）。 　其它要求与烷烃相同！！！ 练习1:命名下列烯烃或炔烃 练习：萘环上的碳原子的编号如(I)式，根据系统命名法，(Ⅱ)式可称2－硝基萘，则化合物(Ⅲ)的名称应是（ ） CH3 CH3 (Ⅲ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (Ⅰ) NO2 (Ⅱ) 2，6－二甲基萘 B. 1，4－二甲基萘 C. 4，7－二甲基萘 D. 1，6－二甲基萘 D Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 课堂同步练习 1. 用系统命名法命名 (1) CH3—CH = CH—CH2—CH3 (2)CH2= CH—CH2—CH—CH2—CH3 ︱ CH3 2—戊烯 4—甲基—1—己烯 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 练习：写出下列物质的结构简式。 （1） 3—甲基—3—己烯 （2） 4—甲基—1—戊炔 CH3—CH2—C=CH—CH2—CH3 CH3 CH≡ C—CH2—CH—CH3 CH3 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-