[高中化学竞赛辅导课件第十七章d区元素二.ppt

第十七章 d区元素(二) §17.1 铜族元素 §17.2 锌族元素 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. §17.1 铜族元素 17.1.1 铜族元素的单质 17.1.3 水溶液中铜族元素的 离子及反应 17.1.2 铜族元素的化合物 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 17.1.1 铜族元素的单质 单质：Cu，Ag，Au 矿物：孔雀石：Cu2(OH)2CO3 辉银矿：Ag2S 碲金矿：AuTe2 1.存在 2.物理性质 特征颜色：Cu(紫红)，Ag(白)，Au(黄) 熔点、沸点较其它过渡金属低 导电性、导热性好，且AgCuAu 延展性好 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3.化学性质 与O2作用 碱式碳酸铜 Au，Ag不与O2发生反应， 当有沉淀剂或配合剂存在时，可反应。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 所以不可用铜器盛氨水。 O2 银器年久变黑。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 与X2作用 活泼性：CuAgAu Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. HCl 硫脲 与酸作用 ①Cu,Ag,Au不能置换稀酸中的H+(还原性差)； ②生成难溶物或配合物,使单质还原能力增强； Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. ③ Cu,Ag,Au可溶于氧化性酸。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 难溶物： CuCl CuBr CuI CuSCN CuCN Cu2S 1.铜的化合物 17.1.2 铜族元素的化合物 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 几种常见的铜的化合物： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 配合物:CuCl2-,CuBr2-,CuI2-,Cu(SCN)2-,Cu(CN)2- 例： H2O Cu(I)的配合物多为2配位 铜的配合物 形成Cu(NH3)2+，但不稳定，易被空气氧化而非歧化。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Cu(II)的配合物多为4配位 检验糖尿病：红色为有病，蓝色没有病 Evaluation only. Created with Aspos