《奥巴马政府与罗斯福政府的就业政策之比较.docVIP

奥巴马政府与罗斯福政府的就业政策之比较 摘要：为了缓解经济危机矛盾和刺激经济复苏，罗斯福政府和奥巴马政府均采取多种措施，力促就业。两届政府的就业刺激措施都包括了直接的失业救助和社会保障以及通过多种方式促进就业，但是，由于所处时代不同，面临的失业状况在严重性上也有差异，当前的奥巴马政府与过去的罗斯福政府相比，在解决就业问题时所采取一些措施必然也会存在不同。主要表现为：一、政策指导理 垄断资本主义过渡，并受凯恩斯的经济理论影响，加强国家干预；而奥巴马政府与之相比，国家干预的程度较轻，他的理念是务实的自由主义，走温和的中间路线。二、税收政策的不同。从本质上看，罗斯福政府重在增税，以为国家的大规模的以工代赈以及社会保障政策的实施提供补给；而奥巴马政府重在减税，包括个人及企业的减税，以缓解他们的压力。三、“科技含量”的不同。罗斯福政府增加就业注重的是“蛮力”，当然这也是受时代的限制；而奥巴马政府解决就业的措施则更加多样化了，而且“科技含量”明显提高，加大了科技投入，通过网络及新兴产业的发展促进就业。 关键词：罗斯福政府；奥巴马政府；就业 Comparision of the empolyment policies between Obama and Roosevelt administration Ma Xiaoli Abstract: In order to alleviate the economic crisis,solve conflicts and revive the economy, the Roosevelt administration and the Obama administration are taking various measures to push the employment .Two governments measures to stimulate employment include unemployment compensation,direct social security and employment promotion through a variety of ways.But, due to different times, the unemployment rate also varies in severity, the current Obama compared with the Roosevelt administration took many different measures.Mainly differences:Firstly,different guiding philosophies of the policy.The Roosevelt administration gave up the laissez-faire totally and actively made monopoly capitalism develop to state capitalism.Also,influnced by the Keynesian economic theory, the Roosevelt administration strengthened the states intervention; However,the Obama administration compared with Roosevelt paid less attention to state intervention. His philosophy is pragmatic liberalism, a moderate middle way .Secondly,Different tax policies .In essence, the Roosevelt administration focuses on tax increases to provide supplies for the implementation of national social security policy while Obama focuses on tax cuts, including personal and corporate tax cuts,to ease the pressure on them .Thirdly,Technology content of the different .Roosevelt Government to increase employment mainly depended on brute force.Of course,this is al