结合测绘成果看古徽州建筑中的木斗拱..doc

结合测绘成果看古徽州建筑中的木斗拱 摘要 斗拱是中国木结构建筑一个独特且重要的构件，某种程度上也可称得上是中国古代传统木结构建筑的象征。它位于柱与梁之间，起着承上启下，传递荷载的作用；同时向外出挑，使建筑物出檐更加深远，造形更加优美、壮观；斗拱构造精巧，造形美观，如盆景，似花篮，又是很好的装饰性构件。后来斗拱也是区别建筑等级的标志，越高贵的建筑斗拱越复杂、繁华。斗拱的发展定型与木结构建筑的发展密不可分，是中国建筑木构架结构体系完善演进的重要标志。下面就让我们一起来了解斗拱的发展历程以及它的结构特征。 另一方面，随着斗拱的发展，它的装饰作用渐渐成为主流。斗拱不仅仅表达的是支撑和坚固，更多的是它的装饰效果。徽州三雕作为代表古徽州文化的民间雕刻艺术，通过斗拱这一媒介，也在一定的程度上表达了它的艺术成就。 Stone is a unique Chinese wood construction and important component, to some extent, also can be called is the symbol of the ancient Chinese traditional wooden architecture. It is located between the column and beam, plays a structure connecting ecosystem and individuals, the effect of load transferring; The eaves to pick out at the same time, make the building more profound, the shape is more beautiful, magnificent; Stone structure is exquisite, elegant, such as bonsai, flower basket, and good decorative component. Later a sign of stone is the difference between building level, the more noble the more complex building stone, prosperous. Stone for the development of stereotypes is closely connected with the development of wood construction, is Chinas building an important symbol of evolution of timber frame structure system perfect. Let us together to learn about the development of stone and the characteristics of its structure. On the other hand, with the development of the stone, its adornment effect gradually become mainstream. Should say is not just support and solid, more is its adornment effect. Huizhou three birds as a representative folk carving art of the ancient huizhou culture, through the medium of stone, also in a certain extent, to express its artistic achievement. 关键字 木斗拱 结构 承重 装饰 抬梁 徽州三雕 木雕 正文 斗拱是中国木结构建筑一个优越的中坚要素，它的演变历程是中国建筑不可或缺的一页，斗拱不仅有着与木结构建筑如影随形的兴衰史，而且蕴含着中国精神生活的一个侧面。关于斗拱的作用，中国建筑教育界的先行者曾有过较为确切的解释，即：“在梁檩与立柱之间，为了减少剪应力，故遂有一种过渡部分之施用：以许多斗形木块，与肘形曲木，层层垫托，向外伸张；在梁下可以增加梁身在同一净跨下的荷载力，在檐下可以使出檐加远”。 斗拱的发展定型，是中国建筑木构架结构体系完善演进的重要标志；是专家学者们鉴定中国古代建筑的重要标志；也是专家学者们签定中国古代建筑的重要依据之一。即使是用现代工程学的技术观点来审视斗拱，它也是