草兔野外活动调查及活动节律的研究111..doc

草兔野外活动调查及活动节律的研究 摘 要：采用野外调查和室内饲养实验方法，对咸阳地区草兔的生境、生境内的植被进行的了调查；.草兔的活动与取食规律、危害情况等进行了研究。结果表明，咸阳地区草兔对主要造林树种危害严重，刺槐与侧柏相比更易遭受草兔危害；草兔在18：00～06：00之间取食比较频繁，一天中的取食高峰多数出现在黎明前后，10：00～11：00之间很少取食。草兔夏季活动非常频繁，冬季活动少，活动时间短；夏季活动频繁，活动时间长。林木生长、 萌发及内部营养结构的不同会导致草兔对不同树种产生喜恶差异。草兔在有喜爱的食物存在时，会降低对林木的危害。 关键词：草兔；活动规律；取食规律 The lepus europaeus open country activity investigates and moves therhythm the research Author: Chainingning Instructs teacher: Wangmingchun, Han Chongxuan Abstract: Uses in the open country investigation and the room raisesthe experimental technique, to in the Xianyang area lepus europaeusshabitat, the habitat vegetation carried on the investigation; Lepuseuropaeuss activity with took the food rule, the harm situation andso on has conducted the research. The result indicated that, the Xianyang area lepus europaeus isserious to the main afforestation tree seed harm, the locust tree andthe oriental arbor-vitae compare easily to suffer the lepus europaeusharm; Lepus europaeus in 18:00 ～ 06:00 takes the food quiteto be frequent, a day center takes the food peak most to appear aroundthe daybreak, 10:00～11:00 very little takes the food. Thelepus europaeus summer moves extremely frequently, the winter movesfew, the active time is short; Summer moves frequently, the activetime is long. The forest grows, sprouts and internal nutrition structure isdifferent can cause the lepus europaeus to have the happy wickeddifference to the different tree seed. The lepus europaeus when hasthe affection food existence, can reduce to the forest the harm. Key word: Lepus europaeus; Plan of action; Takes the food rule 一、研究目的与意义 近年来草兔天敌极度减少已近乎绝迹，特别是实行封山禁牧以来由于植被的恢复，给草兔提供了良好的生存繁衍条件，草兔数量急剧增加。由于草兔食量大，食性杂，且繁殖速度快，因而危害性极大，已成为新的严重的生物灾害自然地理概况? ?咸阳市位于陕西省关中平原中部，东靠铜川、渭南，西接崐宝鸡，南邻西安，北与甘肃相连，辖区南北长145公里，东西宽106公里，国土面积10119平方公里。地势北高南低，区内最高海拔1885米，最低海拔362米,以东西走向的嵯峨山、九峻山、五峰山为界，其南属关中平原，其北为黄土高塬沟壑区。境内主要有渭河及其一级支流泾河两大河流。泾河为西北－东南走向纵贯全境，境内流程272公里，流域面积6705平方公里。渭河由西向东从南缘流过，境内流程91.5公里，流域面积3612平方公里。由渭河盆地往北