修辞手法-平行结构.doc

.10.平 行 Parallelism 定义 Parallelism: The similarity of construction of adjacent word groups equivalent, complementary or antithetic in sense esp, for rhetorical effect or rhythem (WED); A balanced construction of a verse or sentence, where one part repeats the form or meaning of the other (CD). 英语中Parallelism是并列使用两个或两个以上结构和功能相同的单词、短语或句子来表达相似、相关或相连的事物。英语Parallelism(平行)源于希腊语的parallēlismos，意即along side one another(并排)。这是英语里最常用修辞格之一，广泛见诸于诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧、演讲中。Parallelism具有结构整齐，节奏鲜明，表达简练，语义突出的特点，能有效地增强语势，表达强烈的感情，说明深刻的道理。 英语Parallelism的构成可体现于各个语言层次，如单词、短语、从句、句子等，其中以三项式平行结构最为普遍。 2．主要格式 单词平行 The letter, short, cold, sharp-tongued, was unexpected. 没料到，这封信很短，语气冷淡，言词尖刻。 Her fiancé is tall, bland and handsome. 她的未婚夫高大、和蔼、英俊。 Bob does his work quickly, carefully, and efficiently. 鲍勃做工作做得快、很细心、效率高。 Civilized men arrived in the Pacific，armed with alcohol, syphilis, trousers and the Bible. ( H. Ellis ) 文明人来到了太平洋，带着酒、梅毒、裤子、圣经等一身武器。 Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downtown to the delta country. ( Noel Grove: Mark Twain—Mirror of America) 木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货沿河而下运到三角洲一带。 We hate what we fear and so where hate is, fear is lurking. Thus we hate what threatens our person, our liberty, our privacy, our income, our popularity, our vanity and our dreams and plans for ourselves. ( Cyril Connolly: The Unquiet Crave ) 我们仇恨我们所畏惧的，所以凡是存在仇恨的地方，肯定潜伏着畏惧。我们的身体，我们的自由，我们的隐私，我们的收入，我们的人缘，我们的虚荣，我们的梦想和为自身所作的各种安排，凡此种种受到威胁，我们就会仇恨。 An Englishman thinks seated; a Frenchman, standing; an American, pacing; an Irishman, afterward. ( O’ Malley ) 英国人坐着想，法国人站着想，美国人走着想，爱尔兰人事后想。 Those who huddled pitifully together on the left were the old, the infirm, the ill, the very young. 左边那些可怜的人挤在一起，他们都是些老、弱、病、幼的人。 The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away. ( Churchill ) 往昔与它的罪恶、蠢行、悲剧一闪而过。 (2) 短语平行 S