动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较.doc

高中英语动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较： ??? 一、作主语 ??? 不定式作主语 ??? 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： ??? (1)把不定式置于句首。如： ??? To get there by bike will take us half an hour. ??? (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： ??? It＋be＋名词＋to do ??? It‘s our duty to take good care of the old. ??? It takes sb+some time+to do ??? How long did it take you to finish the work? ??? ③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do ??? It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. ??? It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do ??? It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. ??? It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do ??? It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,zimportant,impossible,necessary 等；在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do句式 ，如：It’s kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English. ??? 动名词作主语 ??? Learning without practice is no good. ??? 动名词作主语时，也常用It句式。如： ??? It‘s +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing… ??? It’s no good reading in dim light. ??? It‘s no use sitting here waiting. ??? ②It’s＋形容词＋doing ??? It‘s dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. ??? 这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式 代替，如：It’simportant for you to keep fit. ??? There is no+doing ??? There is no saying what will happen next. ??? 在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于It‘s impossible to…结构。 ??? 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ??? 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如： ??? It’s no good eating too much fat. ??? It‘s no good for you to eat so much fat. ?? ?动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如： ??? It’s no use your pretending that you didn‘t know the rules. ??? 二、作宾语 ??? 不定式作宾语 ??? 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如： agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lea n,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些 词大部分可接th at引导的从句。如： ??? I decided to ask for my money back. ??? I decided