新英汉语言对比解析.ppt

2. 在下列情况下汉语的主动句转译成英语的被动句： a. 施事的原因： （1）强调受事,突出被动状态； 地球上早期的火是大自然而不是人类引燃的。 Early fires on the earth were caused by nature, not by man. （2）因种种原因,不出现或无须说明施事者，或者施事者不言自明； 这种书是给儿童写的。 Such books are written for children. She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress. 她告诉我，她的男主人已解雇了她。男主人没有讲明任何理 由，对她的行为没有任何异议，也不许向她的女主人申诉。 b. 句法的要求： （3）使句子结构匀称,文气连贯； 他出现在台上,群众报以热烈的掌声。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. Some kinds of plastics can be forced through machines which separate them into long, thin strings, called “fibres”, and these fibres can be made into cloth. 有几种塑料可以压入机器并分离成细长的纤维，这种纤维可 以用来织布。 （4）为了使句子保持末端重量和尾端开放，以符合主语简短，谓 语复杂的表达习惯； I was astounded by the news that he was prepared to give me a job. 他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。 c. 习惯用法需要： （5）汉语中的某些习惯用语或泛指人称为主语的主动句； 大家都认为这样做是不妥当的。 It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 有人给你打电话。 You are wanted on the phone. （6）某些汉语句子可借助于英语的一些固定搭配或词组来表达; 他坚持不懈地从事着科研工作。 He was engaged in scientific researches perseveringly. He persevered in scientific researches. （7）汉语中含有被动意义的主动句; 病人正在手术中。 The patient is being operated on. 这个问题必须马上解决。 This problem has to be solved immediately. d. 修辞的考虑：修辞学主张不过分使用被动句，但适当使用可以使表达灵活多变，避免句型单调： （8）使语气委婉,措辞礼貌; 今天晚上七点钟开教学会,全体教师务必参加. There will be a Teaching Symposium at 7:00p.m. today. All the faculty is expected to attend. 请您不要在此抽烟。 You are not supposed to smoke in here. 试比较： There are many ways to vary the basic English sentence pattern of subject-verb-object. The basic English sen