湯苏生-野外浒苔的围隔培养以及形态观察.docVIP

野外浒苔的围隔培养以及形态观察 摘要:在世界范围内的近海、海湾和河口内，由大型海洋绿藻爆发性增殖引发的“绿潮”已经成为普遍发生的生态现象之一。近两年来，我国在黄海的中、北部海域也发生了浒苔（prolifera）等大型绿藻异常增殖和聚集的绿潮现象，导致了一系列的环境问题和经济损失。目前，由于绿潮藻爆发期野外开放海域的连续性生长模拟试验难度较大，通过对黄海爆发的大型绿藻（浒苔属）进行野外围隔培养试验,发现在浒苔暴发季节,浒苔和条浒苔藻体幼苗在140μmol·m-2·s?1的条件下有最大体长生长率，分别为78.9 %和82.1 %绿潮藻生长成周期性变化，分为四个阶段：急速增长期、缓慢增长期、平稳期、下降期。其中在急速增长期最大日生长率达到80.5%。Abstract：Macroalgal blooms(green tides)have already been general ecological phoenomenon throughout inshore,gulf and estuary of the world. The green tides resulted by large green algae “Ulva prolifera” has also occurred in the central and northern part of Yellow Sea. The accumulation of macroaglgal has caused serious economic and ecological problems. By now, experiment about the green tides on the outside the lab wasn’t popular as the indoor experiment because of the condition in the outside. The experiment we carried in the yellow sea about Ulva prolifera show there fact: The results showed that the growth rate of body weight of U. prolifera and U. clathrata mature thulli were 17.30 % d–1and 16.82 % d–1 the growth of Ulva prolifera can be divided in to 4 steps, fasted growing phase, slowing growing phase, stable phase and decreased phase. On the fasted growing phase, the growing rate can reach to the top, which is 80.5%. while there were 4 different form of algea condition as well, that were filament shape , tubulouse shape, bulliform, draped shape. Key words：Ulva. prolifera；Mesocosm；MorphologicalEnteromorpha)，属于绿藻门(Chlorophyta)，石莼纲(Ulvales)，石莼科(Ulvaceae)。我国的主要浒苔种类有：浒苔(E.prolifera(Muell)J.Ag.)、条浒苔(E.clathrata(Roth)Grev)、扁浒苔(E.compressa(L.)Grev)、肠浒苔(E.intestinalis(Linn.)Link)、管浒苔(E.tubulosa Kutz)、缘管浒苔(E.linza(L.)J.Ag.)等[2]。 大型海藻室内研究具有经济、方便、高效的特点，因此倍受研究人员青睐。但是由于自然环境复杂多变，光照强度、温度、盐度等环境因子变化通常具有周期性、季节性、突变性等特点，因此大型海藻的室内试验远不能真正反应自然条件下的实际生长特征。特别是绿潮这种大规模生态事件，通常还要受到气候、水文等因素的影响，是难以在室内模拟实现的。 目前，由于绿潮藻爆发期野外开放海域的连续性生长模拟试验难度较大，类似试验鲜有报道。本实验克服多种困难，在离岸数十公里的开放海域对绿潮藻生长成功进行了长期试验，期望能为理解绿潮藻野外生长周期、绿潮爆发过程等方面提供理论依据。 1 材料与方法 1.1 材料来源及预培养 1.1.1 野外浒苔围隔培养的材料 浒苔