漢英姓氏和称谓语的习俗对比2.docVIP

汉英姓氏和称谓语的习俗对比 A Comparison of names and forms of address between Chinese and English 摘要：姓名是社会上人们籍以相互区别的标志，不同的国家，不同的语言，有着不同的姓氏习俗和称谓体系。本文讨论了汉英姓氏的历史渊源以及称谓语的异同点，这可以避免跨文化交际中的陷阱，达到有效的交际。 关键词：姓氏习俗，称谓语，异同点，文化差异。 Names refer to the words that someone is called or known by. Names include given names, surnames, full names, with or without a title, and nicknames or pet names. Chinese names consists of surname plus given name with surnames put first whereas English names have surnames coming first .In the following, we would like to discuss the source of surname and naming habits in both languages. Surname 1. Chinese surname 1.1 History The convention of bearing a surname in Chinese can be traced to“伏羲氏”，“正姓氏别婚姻”，so Chinese surname has a history of at least 5000 years. The present“姓” is actually the combination of “姓”and “氏”。From the ancient times to the early period of Chin “姓”and “氏” are two different concept. Originally, “姓” is the symbol of a tribe, it derives from the matriarchy.It is used identify the maternal relationship.Therefore, we can find “女” in the formative part of the character “姓”,and also many other characters of surnames, such as “姚，姒，姬，姜，妫”. As time elapsed, with the growing of population, one tribe subdivided into several branches, with each branch having its own symbol, that’s “氏”.During the Warring Period, people usually used “姓” instead of “氏”. Gradually the divide between “姓” and “氏” became vague, and two combined into one concept, that is the present surname. 1.2 Sources Chinese surnames were drawn mainly from the following sources. 1.2.1 Ancestor’s titles conferred after they died, such as “庄”王，“哀”公. 1.2.2 Ancestor’s noble titles, such as 王, 公, 侯. 1.2.3 Ancestor’s offical titles, such as 司马, 司徒, 帅, 尉, 司空. 1.2.4 Ancestor’s character or given name, 郑国的公子“偃”, 字“子游”, his son’s surname was “游”. 1.2.5 The kingdoms their ancestor founded, such as 齐, 鲁, 秦, 晋. 1.2.6 The place they lived, such as 西门, 南宫. 1.2.7 The occupation, such as陶、卜、巫、商、乐. 1