濕地论文图们江下游湿地生态系统健康评价研究.docVIP

湿地论文：图们江下游湿地生态系统健康评价研究 【中文摘要】湿地是国家的重要自然资源,具有强大的环境功能和生态效益。近年来图们江下游地区湿地受图们江流域工业化和经济发展的影响以及开垦农田和人类活动造成的水文状况的改变,不仅湿地面积在大量损失,而且湿地的群落结构也发生了巨大变化。因此准确地掌握和研究本区湿地生态系统的健康状况,有助于为合理保护生态环境提供科学依据,对于敬信地区湿地的合理开发、保护和可持续发展有着重要的意义。本文在对国内外湿地生态系统健康研究现状进行了较为详细总结的基础上,建立了适用于图们江下游湿地的生态健康评价体系,在这套体系中,首先根据确定出的很健康、健康、亚健康、一般病态、疾病五级标准,结合图们江下游湿地的特点,运用“压力—状态—响应”(PSR)模型,构建了图们江下游地区的湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系。体系分为3个项目层,8个因素层,共30个指标,并给出了每一个指标的量化标准值,指标体系较全面地涵盖了物理、化学、生物、景观、生态、社会经济以及人类健康等几大类指标。通过层次分析法计算出了各指标的权重,然后运用三级模糊综合评价法进行最终计算,得到图们江下游湿地生态系统总健康指数为0.5878,处于亚健康状态。其中,压力系统的健康指数为0.5292,响应系统的健康指数为0.6866,状态系统的健康指数为0.5116,各等级隶属度S=(16.83%,2537%,16.76%,16.97%,24.07%)。制约图们江下游湿地生态健康状况的因子在于：湿地的补水水质差,导致湿地水质污染加重,富营养化现象严重,并且由于人为因素,导致湿地景面积退化,观破碎化,生产力水平下降,以上因素最终导致了图们江下游湿地生态系统抗干扰能力下降,湿地健康水平受到一定威胁,根据对该区湿地受胁的原因分析,最终提出了图们江下游湿地生态系统健康保护与恢复及可持续发展的对策。 【英文摘要】The wetlands which have powerful environment function and ecosystem efficiency are important natural resources in the country. During the recent years, wetlands in lower reaches of Tumen River have been influenced by the industrialization and economic development in the basin of Tumen River, and the changes of hydrological condition resulted from the reclamation of farmland and human activities. It not only reduces the area of wetlands, but also dramatically changed the cluster structure of wetlands. Therefore, it is of great value to master and study the healthy condition of wetland ecosystem in this area. It contributes to providing a scientific basis for protecting eco-environment, and it has a great significance for the rational exploitation, conservation and sustainable development of the wetlands in Tumen River downstream area.This text is based on a more detailed summary of the present healthy research condition of domestic and international wetland eco-system, and founds the evaluation system of ecology health which is suited for the wetland in lower reaches of Tumen River. In this system, first, according to the five stage criterions recognized as the very first health, health