《九年级语法专讲.docVIP

主 谓 一 致一、就近原则：either……or…… neither……nor…… not only…….but also……There / Here be +并列主语.二、意义一致原则：1.集体名词 （ class, family等 ）做主语时，可根据意义判断。His family has moved into a new house. His family were having supper then.主语是数目、时间、金钱、距离时，动词用单数。2.主语+ as well as / with / together with / like / but / except + 动词单数。Everyone except the twins has been to the Great Wall.Lily with her friends is going to the zoo tomorrow.3.下列一些不定代词做主语，动词用单数。each, either, neither, something,anything, somebody, anybody等。4.The + 形容词 / 过去分词 + 动词复数　The wounded were looked after well in the hospital.The weak, like the strong, have many friends in the world.5. glasses, trousers, shoes, scissors等单独做主语时，动词用复数，但当它们与a　pair of连用时，动词与pair的数保持一致。 The pair of glasses fits you well. 动 词 一、动词的分类：根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（行为动词）、连系动词、助动词、情态动词。１．实义动词有完整的词义，能单独做谓语．根据用法，可分为及物动词（vt.后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语）和不及物动词（vi不能直接跟名词或代词，加宾语时必须加介词）。同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）但也有一些动词只能用做及物动词，如：visit, ask, win, tell, answer, feel, serve, marry,discuss, beat, reach, kill, drop 等．而下列一些动词通常情况下只能用做不及物动词：reply (to), return (to), point (to, at),knock (at, on, into), wait (for), listen (to), arrive (at, to), fall (down, off), look (at, after…)2．连系动词（Link Verb）它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的连系动词有：be, feel, become, look, smell, seem, taste, sound, keep, 其它一些可以和形容词连用的动词也属于连系动词：fall ill / asleep, grow worse, turn red, get lost, keep healthy等３．助动词：本身没有词义，不能单独作句子的谓语，　只能与主要动词一起构成谓语．主要帮助句子构成否定、疑问以及动词的不同时态、语态等语法特征。常见的助动词有：be, 　do (does, did), 　have / has, had, will, would 等。４．情态动词：本身有一定的词义，单不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟其它动词的原形，表示说话人的语气和态度；常见的情态动词有：can (could), may(might), must, need 等。(1)can *能，会（表示能力）；　*请求许可 can’t be 不可能could:　 can的过去式，但有时表示委婉的语气。(2)may ＊可能（可能性）；　*可以（请求许可，相当于can）；＊表示祝愿　　May you be happy! May you succeed!might * may的过去式；　　　＊表示可能性（但可能性比may小）