字典的说明文.doc

字典的说明文 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。 按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型 1.例证法2.定义法 3.分类法 4.因果关系法 5.比较对照法 6.过程分析法 1.例证法 这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。 2.定义法 an ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. he should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. his personality is as important as his scholarship. an ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. he should be a bit of an actor and he shouldnt be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. an ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students. 本段的展开是通过对一个模范教师下定义的方法,关键词ideal teacher在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。 3.分类法 as far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. first are the conservative people. conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. second are the liberal people. these people are in favour of progress and reform. but their opinions often seem too idealistic. third are the moderate people. the moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. they are more practical in this hard world. in my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group. 本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people)、自由派(liberal people)和温和派(moderate people),并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。 4.因果关系法 第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后, 作者用了四个句子阐述自己喜欢春天的理由。 5.比较对照法 i like having a twin sister. when shes happy, im happy. when she feels unhappy, i feel the same. often, i know what shes going to say. sometimes, i know what shes thinking. i like what she likes. i hate what she hates. we like the same music, the same food and the same books. 这段采用ab交错的比较方式,阐述孪生姐妹的相同特征。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜明突出。 6.过程分析法 there are several steps to plant a tree. first, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep. second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. third, put the earth back into the hole again. push