〈新〉英语中的被动语态.doc

被动语态 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如： He wrote a novel.（主语he 是动作wrote 的执行者，是主动语态。） The classroom was cleaned by him yesterday.（主语the classroom 是动作的承受者，是被动语态。） 知识点概述 一、被动语态的构成 英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如： The man was fooled by the two boys. The book has been translated into several languages. 被动语态的句子结构：主语+ be +过去分词 1、一般现在时 谓语： 例句：One lesson is learned each week. Foreign languages are studied everywhere in China. 2、一般过去时 谓语： 例句：This hospital was set up just two years ago. 3、一般将来时 谓语： 例句：This question will be answered by the headmaster tomorrow. 4、过去将来时 谓语： 例句：The physics teacher said that two experiments would be done the next week. 5、现在完成时 谓语： 例句：As has been pointed out , the housing problem in our district has basically been solved. 6、过去完成时 谓语：had been + pp. 例句：When I got to the ticket office, all the tickets had been sold out. 7、现在进行时 谓语： 例句：The patients in ward 12 are being taken care of by Miss Hoover. 8、 例句：She said her house was being painted. 注：及物的短语动词相当于一个及物动词，可以有被动语态，这类短语动词有：turn on, turn off, find out ,laugh at ,look after, talk about, think of /about over, bring about, (引起；导至) put away, make out (认出)，make up (编；补尝)，look down upon, pay attention to ,face up to (面对) 二、被动语态的用法 （1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如： Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term. （2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如： This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday. （3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。 例如：The pianist gave the pupils some advice. 间接宾语 直接宾语 →The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. →Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist. (4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。 例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day. →They were made to work ten hours a day.