英語语法大全谓语的47种类型.doc

《英语语法大全·谓语的47种类型 Ⅰ．概说A．英语句子结构相对简单1．5种类型的谓语1326 在一个完整的句子中，主语之外的部分称为谓语，共有5种类型的谓语。第一类包含一个不及物动词（Ⅳ）：He came．My wife cried．第二类包含一个及物动词及其宾语（TV＋O）：John likes me．His uncle wrote letters．第三类包含一个双宾动词、一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语（DV+IO+DO）：They teach me English．I bought Mary sugar．第四类包含一个系动词及主语补语（LV＋C）：He is a teacher．She looks sad．第五类包含一个宾补动词、宾语及宾语补语（FV＋O＋C）：We made him king．She left the house dirty．2．动词的短语形式1327 不过动词、宾语及补语的意义还应当广一些，上面例句中的及物动词、不及物动词或其他动词都是一个单词，但有时可以是一个起同样作用的短语或成语。例如“及物动词+名词”可以看作是一种不及物动词：He lost heart．（他灰心了。）This habit has struck root．（这种习惯已根深蒂固）下面句子中的动词成语则可以看作是一种及物动词：I looked for my lost dictionary．（我在找我弄失的字典。）He paid attention to his lesson．（他很注意他的功课。）He gave up drinking．（他戒酒了。）He is afraid of blood．（他怕血。）He cant get along with anyone．（他和谁都处不好。）下面句中的动词成语可以看作一种宾补动词：I waited for him to come．（我等他来。）详见 1182—1206节。3．宾语的9种形式1328 此外，也不只是名词或代词可用作宾语，共有9种东西可用作及物动词、双宾动词及宾补动词的宾语。由于它们是名词或起名词的作用，可以称作名词等同体（Noun－Equivalent），名词等同体，可用作动词的宾语：I know John（名词）．She kept the floor dirty．I will teach John Chinese．I know him（代词）．She kept it clean．That depends upon them．He threw out an apple of discord（名词短语）．I have just visited the Board of Trade．I am not fond of wild goose chase．This matter interests the rich and the poor（the +形容词或分词）．The general visited the dying and the wounded．I know the long and（the） short of this case．He wants to go to college（不定式）．She refuses to marry me．I asked to see a friend in prison．He is fond of swimming in the morning（动名词）．He avoids meeting any of his friends．I postponed going to the doctor．I know that she loves me（that引起的从句）．I am sure that you will succeed．Is he afraid that he will be defeated？ I wonder what he wants（疑问词引起的从句）．I asked where he had been．I dont know which way I should go．I dont know what to do（疑问词引起的不定式）．I am doubtful how to settle this problem．I do not care where to eat dinner．4．补语的15种形式1329 不只是名词和形容词可用作补语，上面所提的9种名词等同体以及下面例句中的6种形容词等同体（Adjective－Equiva－lent）都可用作系动词或宾补动词的补语。名词及名词等同体作补语：H