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摘要 刑罚目的是刑法学理论中一个十分重要的问题，它是指国家通过创制、适用、执行刑罚所期望达到的目的。对于刑罚目的的界定，中外法学家众说纷纭，莫衷一是，对此笔者较为赞同通说，即刑罚的目的是预防犯罪，其具体内容包括一般预防与特殊预防两个层面，二者是辩证统一的关系。 随着人类社会的发展，刑罚会越来越走向轻缓，原来的以肉刑、生命刑为主的刑罚体系发展到今天的以自由刑为主的刑法体系足以说明这一大趋势。刑罚的轻缓代表着刑罚的人道，随着人道刑罚时代的到来，报应刑的观念会变的越来越淡化。社会的进步，人们物质生活，特别是精神生活的提高，犯罪这种社会疾病将会得到有效治理。所以实施犯罪的人将越来越少，这就意味着预防刑之重点将由一般预防转向特殊预防。但是，只要犯罪这种严重危害社会的行为存在，国家就会动用刑罚来报应犯罪、预防犯罪，从而使整个社会处于一个有序的状态中。 我国刑罚的惩罚目的，如果刑罚有的只是教育、改造甚至治疗的目的，当罪犯没有受到身体上的痛苦，其犯罪所获得唯一后果却是免费受教育的权利时，刑罚存在没有任何意义。手段也好，属性也罢，与惩罚作为刑罚目的并不矛盾，对犯罪分子施加刑罚，追求的惩罚的目的是刑罚这一剥夺载体的应有之义，其它一切刑罚目的包括教育、改造、预防都是在对犯罪分子追求惩罚这一首要前提上进行的。即使统治者不承认，或没有意识到，但在事实上，惩罚作为刑罚的目的内容一直在运行着，其实刑罚目的受刑罚属性的制约，刑罚属性所包括的目的性因素完全能够成为刑罚目的。之所以有许多学者否认刑罚具有惩罚目的，是出于承认它将有损于我国刑罚的社会主义性质的善良本意。【关键词】：预防犯罪一般预防特殊预防 abstract The purpose of punishment is a very important issue in the theory of criminal law, it refers to the state through the creation, application, implementation expected to achieve the purpose of penalty. Defined for the purpose of punishment, the Chinese and foreign jurists have different opinions, today, this author is more in favor of pass, that the purpose of punishment is to prevent crime, the specific details including general prevention with special precautions at two levels, both the dialectical relationship between unity. With the development of human society, the penalty will be more and more toward playful, corporal punishment, punishment of life development of the penal system to free criminal criminal justice system illustrates this trend. The penalties gently represents the penalty humanitarian the retribution punishment concept will become more and more dilute as humanitarian penalty era. Social progress, peoples material life, especially the improvement of the spiritual life of this social disease of the crime has been effectively controlled. The offense is committed will be less and less, which means that the focus of prevention of torture by the general prevention steering special precautions. However, as long as the crime this serious act that endangers soc