軟件复用与软件构件技术.docVIP

软件复用与软件构件技术 Software Reuse and Software Component Technology 杨芙清 梅宏 李克勤(北京大学计算机科学技术系 北京100871) 【提要】软件复用是在软件开发中避免重复劳动的解决方案。通过软件复用，可以提高软件开发的效率和质量。近十几年来，面向对象技术出现并逐步成为主流技术，为软件复用提供了基本的技术支持。软件复用研究重新成为热点，被视为解决软件危机，提高软件生产效率和质量的现实可行的途径。软件复用通常可分为产品复用和过程复用两条途径。基于构件的复用是产品复用的主要形式，也是当前复用研究的焦点。同时，在分布对象研究领域，软件构件技术也是一个重要内容。当前软件构件技术被视为实现成功复用的关键因素之一。软件复用技术的广泛应用将促进软件产业的变革，使其重组分工，软件构件生产必将成为独立的行业而存在。这种变革对我国软件产业的发展将是一个很好的机遇。本文将对软件复用技术的发展作一全面综述，介绍软件复用的基本概念及关键技术，同时介绍国内外在软件复用方面的成功的研究和实践活动，包括我国政府支持的国家重点科技攻关项目青鸟工程，并对我国如何加强相关技术研究和应用，推动软件产业发展提出一些思路。关键词：软件工程，软件复用，软件构件技术，CASE Abstract: Software reuse offers a solution to eliminate repeated work and improve efficiency and quality in the software development. In the recent ten years, object-oriented technology has appeared and become a mainstream technology, thereby providing fundamental technology support for software reuse. Software reuse regains more attention in software engineering research and is considered a practical and feasible approach to solving the software crisis.Software reuse is generally classified into two catalogues: product reuse and process reuse. Reuse based on software components is the important form of product reuse and is the major area of software reuse research. At the same time, software component technology plays an important role in distributed object research. Therefore, software component technology is regarded as a key factor of successful software reuse.The development and application of software reuse technology will facilitate the revolution of software development and reorganize software industry. As a result, the development of software components will become an independent and inseparable industry. The revolution offers a good chance for Chinese software development.This paper is a summarization on the development of software reuse technology. It presents fundamental concepts and key techniques of software reuse. After introducing several successful research and practice in software reuse, including