金屬纳米颗粒论文金属纳米颗粒的性质研究及其应用.docVIP

金属纳米颗粒论文：金属纳米颗粒的性质研究及其应用 【中文摘要】纳米材料的合成和应用证明了其在物理、化学、材料科学等领域的巨大发展潜力,尤其是纳米材料所具有表面效应、体积效应、量子尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应,使其产生了独特的光学、电学、化学性质以及催化性质。金属纳米颗粒的性质在近十几年受到了广泛关注。纳米尺度的金属纳米材料具备许多块体材料没有的优越性质,其中,金属纳米颗粒所具备的独特光学性质——表面等离子体共振性质已经成为研究热点之一。金属纳米颗粒中的表面等离子体共振是描述其导带电子在电磁场作用下集体振荡的一个物理概念,共振性质受尺寸、形状以及周围介质影响非常显著。对纳米颗粒尺寸及其形貌的有效控制一直都是大家关注的。近几年来,随金、银金属纳米颗粒表面增强拉曼散射效应、荧光效应的广泛应用,金属纳米颗粒已经广泛应用于催化、光催化、信息存储、表面增强拉曼、太阳能电池、生物传感器、化学传感器、非线性光学、光电子学等领域。本论文的工作主要致力于金、银纳米颗粒的合成、性质及应用：通过油相中无机金属盐的热分解,合成不同粒径的银纳米颗粒；在水相中利用柠檬酸盐 【英文摘要】The synthesis and applications of metal nanomaterials suggests their great potential foreground in the physical science, chemical science and materials science, especially for unique properties, such as surface effect, volume effect, quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. These properties render new applications in optics, electrics, chemists and catalyzers. The properties of noble metal nanomaterials attract much attention in recent years. Metal materials in nano-scale have predominant characters which bulk metal lacks of. In particular, metal nanomaterials have excellent optical properties due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). SPR is a physical concept of describing the collective oscillations of conduction band electrons in the electromagnetic field, which is influenced significantly by size, shape and surrounding medium. Size and shape of nanoparticles has been the effective control of all concerned. In recent years, with a wide range use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering, fluorescence effect of gold and silver nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles have been widely used in catalysis, photocatalysis, information storage, surface-enhanced Raman, solar cells, bio-sensors, chemical sensors, nonlinear optics, optoelectronics and other fields.This thesis focus emphasis on the synthesis, properties and applications of gold and silver nanoparaticls:the thermal decomposition of inorganic salts in oil phase for synthesis of silver nanoparticles, resulting in differen