鉆井泵泵阀运动特性的系统分析.docVIP

钻井泵泵阀运动特性的系统分析 吕苗荣 刘亚军 陈志强 （江苏工业学院机械与能源学院，江苏常州，213016） 摘要：通过研究钻井泵泵阀运动的基本规律，构造了在排出阀、吸入阀联动作用下单缸套泵阀运动数学模型，实现了单缸套泵阀运动过程中动力学特性的系统描述。建立了钻井泵泵阀仿真流程和逻辑运行框图，采用Delphi语言实现了单缸套泵阀运动的系统仿真。通过详细全面的仿真研究，准确地分析了阀盘的运动过程中存在的各种复杂、定量的变化关系。研究表明，泵阀的运动特性与阀盘结构、缸套结构、钻井液性能、曲轴转速等参数之间存在非常密切的联系，参数选择不合适就会导致钻井泵工况的恶化，效率降低，甚至影响钻井泵的寿命，所得结论对泵阀优化设计及现场使用具有重要的指导意义。 关键词：钻井泵；泵阀；运动特性；仿真；系统分析 Simulation and Systematic Analysis of Drilling Pump Valve Lv Miaorong Liu Yajun Chen Zhiqiang (Mechanical and Energy Department of Jiangsu Polytechnic University, Changzhou, JiangSu 213016) Abstract: By studying the basic law of drilling pump valve’s motion, a mathematical model has been constructed to achieve kinetic research for the discharge and suction valve’s linkage movement in a cylinder. Simulation processes and logic operation block diagram was established, system simulation software for valve’s movement in a cylinder was developed by use of Delphi language. Through detailed simulation study, the existence of a variety of complex and quantitative changes between different parameters for the valve disc movement in this system was comprehensively and accurately investigated. Studies have shown that there are very close relationships between the motion characteristics of valve and the valve plate structure, cylinder structure, drilling fluid properties, crankshaft rotational speed, the improper parameter choices can lead to the deterioration of drilling pump working conditions, efficiency reduction, and even shortening the drilling pump life. Such work have important guiding significance on the optimal valve design and field use for drilling pump. Keywords: drilling pump; valve; motion characteristic; simulation; systematic analysis 1、引言 往复式活塞泵泵阀是钻井泵中极为重要的部件，为获得阀盘的运动规律，一般认为，对于低速往复泵，可以应用阀盘运动的近似理论；对于高速往复泵，近似理论误差太大，应当采用阀盘运动的精确微分方程式求解[1]。德国的阿道尔夫(U-Adolph)于1968年提出了在液体不可压缩假设条件下泵阀的精确运动微分方程的近似计算方法，其数学模型综合考虑了泵阀的动态特性以及魏氏效应对流体连续性条件的影响，从理论上解释了泵阀运动滞后现象。但该模型在阀盘升程为零的开启与关闭阶段泵阀运动存在奇点，即模型不能描述泵阀在开启和关闭过程中的运动规律。为此，文献[1]作了泵阀开启时具有初