Brainstem__培训课件.ppt

外侧丘系Lateral lemniscus 蜗神经核和上橄榄核发出的大部分纤维在脑桥基底部与被盖部之间横行越过中线，穿过纵行的内侧丘系，形成斜方体，再折向上行构成外侧丘系，小部分纤维加入同侧外侧丘系上行。 位置 脑桥:被盖的腹外侧边缘部，于中脑下部进入下丘核 传导听觉信息 内侧丘系和斜方体 外侧丘系 外侧丘系 Ascending tracts Lateral lemniscus 外侧丘系 Descending tracts Pyromidal tract 锥体束 Corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束 Corticonuclear tract 皮质核束 Rubrospinal tract 红核脊髓束 Tectospinal tract 顶盖脊髓束 Vestibulospinal tract 前庭脊髓束 Reticulospinal tract 网状脊髓束 大部分终止双侧脑神经运动核，支配双侧眼外肌、咀嚼肌、面部肌、咽喉肌、胸锁乳突肌、斜方肌 小部分终止于对侧面神经核下部和舌下神经核，支配对侧的面下部肌、舌肌 皮质核束 起于中央前回下部的锥体细胞 脑干的网状结构 网状结构： 脑干内除了境界明确的神经核和纤维束以外，还有分布广泛的黑、白质交错排列的网状区，即为网状结构。 网状结构 主要核团： 中缝核群 内侧核群 外侧核群 Reticular Formation of Brain Stem Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) 上行网状激动系统 Motor central and vital centres Reticulospinal tract Cardiovascular center Respiratory center Serotonergic rapheal nuclei Characters of internal structure of brain stem Medulla oblongata Lower part (closed part) Two decussations Decussations of medial lemniscus Decussations of pyramid Medulla oblongata Upper part (open part) Appearance of inferior olivary nuculeus and inferior cerebellar peduncle Enlargement of central canal to form the fourth ventricle floor Pons  Tegmentum of pons 脑桥被盖 Directed upward continuation of medulla oblongata Basilar part 基底部 Contain both longitudinal and transverse fibers intermixed with pontine nuclei Midbrain Tectum of midbrain 中脑顶盖 Includes superior and inferior colliculi Cerebral peduncle 大脑脚 Tegmentum 被盖 contain ascending tracts, mesencephalic aqueduct, central gray matter, recticular formation and so on Substentia nigra 黑质 Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Pyramidal tract 锥体束 middle three-fifths of the crus Frontopontine tract 额桥束 medial one-fifth Pariatotempopontine tract 顶颞桥束 lateral one-fifth Midbrain Rectum of midbrain 中脑顶盖 Includes superior and inferior colliculi Cerebral peduncle 大脑脚 Tegmentum 被盖 contain ascending tracts, mesencephalic