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[动词语态导引图
被动语态构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词没有被动语态。在不同的时态下助动词be有不同的形式。
八种常见时态的被动语态形式:
1. 一般现在时 is /am /are + done
2. 一般过去时 was/ were + done
3. 现在进行时 is/ am/ are being +done
4. 过去进行时 was/were being +done
5. 现在完成时 has/ have been + done
6. 过去完成时 had been + done
7. 一般将来时 will/ shall be + done // is/ am/ are going to be + done // is /am/ are to be + done
8. 过去将来时 would / should be + done
注意: 转换时,你注意到时态的一致性、人称代词的变化及被动中的谓语动词的单复数问题吗?被动结构中,由be动词来表示其时态特点;其谓语动词在人称和数应与被动中的主语保持一致。
—、Practice I ( Active Voice → Passive Voice )
1.He plants many trees every year. Many trees are planted by him every year.
2.The new couple bought the furniture the other day. The furniture was bought by the new couple the other day.
3.The experts are discussing the problem at the meeting. The problem is being discussed by the experts at the meeting.
4.They were cleaning the classroom when I was there. The classroom was cleaning by them when I was there.
5.He has read many articles by Lu Xun. Many articles by Lu Xun have been read by him.
6.He had left his keys before he came to my place. His keys had been left by him before he came to my place.
7.She will finish the task in a day or two. The task will be finished by her in a day or two.
8.She said that she would finish the task in a day or two. She said that the task would be finished by her in a day or two.
二、被动语态的用法:
1. 不知道或无必要说出动作的执行者:
e.g. Suddenly a shout was heard. / Football is played all over the world.
2. 出于礼貌,委婉的表述:
e.g. You are requested not to touch the exhibits.
3. 突出或强调行为或动作的承受者:
e.g. Such books are written for children.
有时主语较长或为句子的更好安排:
e.g. It has been known to him that many friends will come to see him.
The well-known singer got on the bus and was recognized by people.
三、特殊的被动情形
(1) 含情态动词的被动语态 如: must + be done / have been done
1. Your car _____________ (不能停放)here. L
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