wanggang课程论文-新.doc

玉米产量形成与源库关系 王刚 指导老师 张凤路 (河北农业大学 农学院农学专业0402班 071001) 摘要:前人研究表明,源库均影响玉米的产量。在不同基因型间源库特性存在差异,而基因型的源库性状表达又受到环境条件的限制和栽培措施的调控。基因型与环境条件之间原有的平衡关系,因新品种应用而打破,需要通过栽培措施调节环境条件,以满足品种遗传潜力发挥的要求,即通过栽培措施调节源库关系来协调个体与群体矛盾,从而在基因型与环境条件间建立新的平衡关系。产量形成过程中,产量的提高和潜力的发挥是作物与环境相互作用的调节过程,表现在源库平衡关系中,源是主导因素,库随源的变化进行调整,达到源库新的平衡。因此,源库不平衡是绝对的,平衡是相对的。 关键词:玉米;产量形成;源;库;品种;调控 Relationship Between Maize Yield Formation and Source-sink Abstract:The study indicated that source and sink traits all affected the yield of maize.The traits of source and sink were different between different genotypes,and their expressions were limited byenvironment condition and regulated byculture measure.The balance ofthe original relation between genotype and environment was changed by the use of newcultivar.And the environmental condition should be regulated by means of cultivation measure to meet the need ofvarietythe hereditarypotential intoplay,i.e.regulatingthe source-sink relation tocoordinatingthe contradiction between individual and population by means of cultivation measure.Thus establishes the new balance of source-sink relations between the genotype and environmental condition.In the formation of yield,the increasing of yield and tobringthe yield potential intoplayis the regulation duration ofcrop and the environment interaction.In the relation of source-sink balance,the source is the dominant factor,and the sink adjusts along with the changing of source to achieve the newbalance between source and sink.Therefore,unbalance is absolutely,and balance is relatively. Key words:Maize;Yield formation;Source;Sink;Variety;Regulation 玉米是我国主要的粮食作物之一。目前,我国人均耕地越来越少,为了进一步提高粮食产量,满足人们生产生活等多方面的需要,对影响产量的各项因素的研究是必要的。而源库关系问题是作物生理中最重要的问题之一,它把群体光能利用和作物产量形成紧密联系起来,因而众多学者进行了多方面研究。Evens在《作物生理学》一书中利用一章的篇幅,以作物产量的生理基础为题对作物源库和产量的关系进行了深入分析和综述[1]。过去30年,人们对作物产量形成过程的认识更加深入,对源库关系的研究更加广泛,涉及水稻[2~9]、小麦[10,11]、大豆[12,13]、棉花[14,15]、玉米[16,17]等各种作物。但很多观点大相径庭,尤其是在源和库何者是产量限制因素,仍“是仁者见仁“”,智者见智”。就玉米而言,由于试验环境条件、供试品种、产量水平、种植方式、处理方法以及分析角度等方面的差异,形成了不同的看法,其中不乏矛盾之