对中国传统孝文化的辩证思考[精选].doc

对传统孝文化的辩证思考 计志宏 （曲靖师范学院 政法学院，云南 曲靖 655011） 摘 要：中国传统“孝文化”的内涵从最初的孝亲意识逐渐演化为社会伦理和政治伦理乃至化为国家的治国方略。在历史上曾发挥过塑造封建社会理想人格，维护了家庭和社会的稳定，丰富了中华传统文化等积极作用，但同时也存在着移孝作忠，崇尚老年本位，维护封建统治等一些非理性、非人性的因素。当前，要构建适应现代社会需要的新孝道，就必须采用辨证的态度对孝文化进行分析，使孝道回归家庭伦理范围，并且与时俱进地赋予孝文化新的时代内涵。 关键词：中国传统文化；和谐社会；孝道；孝亲意识；民族精神 A Dialectic Thought on the Chinese Traditional Culture of Filial Piety School of Political Science and Law, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, 655011 JI Zhi-hong Abstract: Filial piety in traditional culture, originateing from familial morality, gradually changed into a more complex concept which involved social morals, political ethics and kingcrafts. In the course of our country’s long history, it had played a significant part not only in developing the ideal personality required in feudal society, but also in contrabuting to familial and social stability, thus it enriched our traditional culture. However, filial piety also had its negative sides, such as overemphasis on loyalty of monarch, worshiping on the old, playing an important part in maintaining fedual society and so on. Nowadays, it is of great importance to make a dialectic investigation on the traditional culture of filial piety, to contribute it to the validity of family ethics and to renew the connotation of filial piety, so as to contribute to the construction of the new morality fit for the modern society. Key Words: Chinese Traditional Culture; Social Harmony; Filial Piety; Piety and Respect of the Seniors ; National Affinity 孝道伦理是中国传统道德的核心，孝文化是中国传统文化的基础。在长期的历史发展过程中，孝的内涵从最初的尊亲养亲、祭祀祖先过渡到家庭伦理道德；再由家庭伦理泛化到处理人与人之间关系的社会伦理道德规范；最后移孝为忠，上升为国家意识形态，从而形成多重的文化内涵，渗透于社会生活的方方面面，植根于中国传统文化的土壤之中，对中国社会既发挥了积极作用，又产生了消极影响。今天，在重新辨识传统孝文化的基础上，吸取其精华，剔除其糟粕，并结合时代要求，赋予其新的内容和时代精神，确立其在社会主义新文化中的地位，对我国当前和谐社会的构建无疑会产生重要价值。 一、传统孝文化的正面价值 中国人的孝道观念产生于在原始社会的后期。最初含义是指子女对父母的善行和美德。西周灭商以后，建立宗法制度, 孝意识被纳入到宗法制度之中，成为宗法制度的重要内容。孝的内容也由单纯的善事父母扩展到敬奉祖先，祭祀先祖，孝从家庭伦理扩大到宗族伦理。春秋战国时期,以儒家为代表的思想家开始对传统孝文化进行新的改造，在西周孝亲意识的基础上将孝和仁、孝和悌相结合，“移孝为忠