对二甲苯氧化的研究与方法[精选].doc

对二甲苯氧化的研究与方法摘要 工业化的精对苯二甲酸制备工艺很多，但随着生产工艺的不断发展，对二甲苯高温氧化法成为制备精对苯二甲酸的最主要的生产工艺，这种工艺在对苯二甲酸的制备工艺中占有绝对优势。目前，拥有这一专利技术的公司主要有美国Amoco公司、英国ICI公司和日本三井油化公司，我国曾在不同时期引进过这三家公司的专利技术。近年，我国对苯二甲酸的工艺也取得了很大的进展。对二甲苯高温氧化法由氧化、精制和辅助系统组成。该工艺以对二甲苯为原料，经空气催化氧化、加氢精制、结晶分离等工序制成。催化氧化是对二甲苯在催化剂存在下，于190-230℃，压力1.27-2.45MPa的条件下，用空气氧化得到粗对苯二甲酸。加氢精制是将对二甲苯氧化过程中尚未反应完全的4-羟基苯甲醛(4-BCA)转化为可溶于水的甲基苯甲酸，然后除去。加氢精制反应要在较高压力(约6.8MPa)和较高温度（约280℃）的条件下进行。对苯二甲酸加氢产物再经结晶分离和干燥，就得到可用于纤维生产的精对苯二甲酸。对二甲苯高温氧化法流程简单反应迅速，收率可达90以上。1 1.1对苯二甲酸的性质和用途····················································1 1.2生产方法····································································1 2反应原理·····································································2 2.1主、副反应··································································2 2.2催化剂·······································································2 3操作条件·····································································3 3.1溶剂比·······································································3 3.2温度·········································································3 3.3压力·········································································3 3.4反应系统的水含量···························································3 3.5氧分压······································································3 3.6停留时间····································································4 4高温氧化法生产工艺流程··················································5 4.1对苯二甲酸的生产···························································5 4.2对苯二甲酸的精制···························································7 5总结··········································································9 6参考文献····································································10  1综述 1.1对苯二甲酸的性质和用途 对苯二甲酸的化学结构式： 可以简写为HOOC—（C6H4）—COOH；其分子式为C8H6O4。 对苯二甲酸的名称简写为TPA，相对分子质量166.13。在常温下系白色结晶或粉末状固体，受热至300℃以上可升华，常温常压下不溶于水、乙醚、冰醋酸和氯仿能溶于热乙醇低毒，易燃自燃点680。其粉尘与空气形成爆炸性混合物，爆炸极限0.05g/L～12.5g/ L。 对苯二甲酸最重要的用途是生产聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯树脂（简称聚酯树