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郑州大学有机化学第二章烷烃详解.ppt

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郑州大学有机化学第二章烷烃详解

Configuration (构型): the CH3 radical is planar (sp2 hybridized carbon) 6.3 Autoxidation (自动氧化) R-H Reactivity (活性): 3o 2o 1o The O–O bond of an alkyl hydroperoxide is quite weak, and it can break and produce radicals that can initiate other chains: RO–OH RO? + ?OH Benzoyl Peroxide (过氧化苯甲酰) Benzoyl peroxide is an organic compound in the peroxide family. It consists of two benzoyl groups bridged by a peroxide link. The oxygen-oxygen bond in peroxides is weak. Thus benzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis, forming free radicals: (C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5COO? Benzoyl peroxide is used as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations. Other major applications include treating acne(痤疮,粉刺), dyeing hair, whitening teeth, and brightening flour. The FDA (the Food and Drug Administration) eventually classified benzoyl peroxide as “safety unknown”. especially susceptible to abstraction by O2 radical (Lin?) autoxidation hydroperoxide rancidity (酸败) Autoxidation occurs in the body which may cause irreversible damage. linoleic acid (亚油酸) (as an ester) Antioxidants (抗氧剂) Autoxidation is inhibited by antioxidants,which can rapidly “trap” peroxyl radicals by reacting with them to give stabilized radicals that do not continue the chain. Vitamin E Vitamin C BHT : added to foods to prevent autoxidation There are two reasons why some radicals are more persistent than others: (1) steric hindrance; (2) electronic stabilization. Many of the molecules that make up the structure of human tissue are susceptible to homolysis in intense light, and the body makes use of sophisticated chemistry to protect itself from the action of the reactive radical products. Vitamin E plays an important role in the ‘taming’ of these radicals: abstraction of H from the phenolic hydroxyl group produces a relatively stable radical that does no further damage. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, 聚二甲基硅氧烷) PDMS is the most widely used organic polymer, and is part

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