[英语二重点.docVIP

第一单元 ?什么是决策？What is a Decision?1．常考单词：goal 目标, objective目的、目标 , accomplish完成；实现；达到 , predict 预报；预言, accompany陪伴，伴随 , implement 工具；器具, tendency倾向，趋势；癖好 , achievement 成就，完成，达到, argue 辩论, budget预算 , define定义 , entity存在，本质 2. 常考词组：in the way妨碍；挡道, in part 部分, point of view观点，立场 , contribute to有助于，捐献 , to apply for申请，应用 , in hand 在手里，进行中, to turn down减小，关小 3. 常考句子：1) A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.决策是从可供挑选的行动方向中作选择。 2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong,or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. (p1)译：做出决策的原因是因为存在问题，目标或目的有错误，或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。 2) Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 管理者常常必须对未来的情况做出最佳的猜测，使偶然性尽可能少地发生。3) If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. 没有选择就没有决策、决策本身就是一个选择过程4) For managers every decision has constraints based on politics , procedures , laws,precedents and the like. 对管理者来说，每一个决策都受着政策、程序。法律、惯例等方面的制约。5) For example , managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.一些管理者有时用非此即彼的方式处理问题6) Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best – that is , which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 决策者必须有办法能从多种选择里确定哪一个为最佳，也就是说确定对实现组织目标帮助最大的那个选择。如何实现目标，个人（和组织）都有不同的看法。7) In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 增加改进产品的科研费用也许对这个组织更有好处。8) Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .虽然有些目标比另一些重要，但重要程度和次序则常常因人而异、因部门而异。 6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。7.Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend o