[英语如何破解关键词定位陷阱.docVIP

英语如何破解关键词定位陷阱 一般来说，答阅读理解题时，考生可以通过关键词定位回原文查找答题依据。关键词定位的方法在阅读理解解题中是最常见的，也是最简单的。为了提高对考生能力级别的考查，命题者经常通过以下几种方式设下“陷阱”。 陷阱一：由定位题干关键词变成定位选项关键词 考生定位题干关键词只需要定位一到两个词。但是，定位选项关键词则要求考生定位四个或四个以上的词，增加考生花费的时间，也加大试题的难度，常出现在推断题和判断正误题中。 例1 From the passage we can learn that the Post ______. A. allows article submissions within six weeks B. favors science articles within 2，000 words C. has a huge demand for humorous works D. prefers nonfiction to fiction articles 分析：推断题。题干有一个关键词the Post。但是，该词汇在文章中出现过多次，所以无法通过定位该词得到答案。此时就需要定位选项关键词了。A项关键词为article submissions和six weeks，B项关键词为science articles和2，000 words，C项关键词为humorous works，D项关键词为nonfiction和fiction。经过查找，发现它们在文章中均可定位到。这时，考生就要仔细比对四个选项和原文的信息来推断了。 例2 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ A. Austen was born 200 years ago. B. Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice. C. Austen’s success lies in her wisdom. D. Austen’s updated work gains popularity. 分析：判断正误题的题干往往没有关键词可供查找，必须通过定位选项关键词。A选项的关键词为born和200 years，判断的关键在于找到文章中提到的出生年份，然后进行计算;B选项的关键词为rewrote和Pride and Prejudice;C选项的关键词为success和wisdom;D选项的关键词为updated work和popularity。根据每个选项的关键词回文章中定位后，再进行信息比对，仔细排查，最终才能确定答案。 陷阱二：题干关键词被同义转述、替换或隐藏 命题者有时会对题干关键词进行同义转述、替换或隐藏，以增加难度。 例3 Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular？ A. More Americans are doing it for fun. B. The price of oil is lower than before. C. There’s a growing need for fruits. D. The cost of living is on the rise. 分析：题干的关键词为vegetable gardening和popular。考生能很快定位出前一个关键词在原文第二段的第一句：They are among the growing number of Americans who，driven by higher living costs and a falling economy，have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. 但是，popular这个词在该句中却没有原词。由于题目问的是为什么vegetable gardening流行起来，所以“流行”这个词考生必须定位出来。经过对该句的分析可以发现，句中的the growing number of Americans为题干关键词popular的同义转述，最终确定该句为答案所在句。 例4 What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways？ A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned. B. Some railroad stops remained underused. C. Land in the West was hard to manage. D. Land grants went into private han