专业英语词汇小结（环工专业）..doc

Water Supply 给水 1-Water Supply System 给水系统 1、two major sources两大主要水源: surface water地表水、ground water地下水 2、composition组成: collection收集、purification净化、transmission传输、distribution分配 3、storage 存储装置: water tower水塔、tank or reservoir水池或水库 4、water demand: 1) the average daily water consumption平均日用水量 2) the peak rate高峰用水速度 variation factor波动系数 5、major factors 主要影响因素: industrial activity, meterage仪表计量, system management, standard of living, climate 2-Selection of Water Treatment Processes给水处理流程的选择 1、pretreatment processes预处理流程：screening格栅、presedimentation预沉降、 desilting除砂、chemical addition化学添加剂、aeration曝气 2、常用化学药品：activated carbon活性炭、chlorine氯、chlorine dioxide二氧化氯、potassium permanganate高锰酸钾、alum明矾 3、flexibility加药的灵活性：pre- intermediate- post- chlorination 前、中、后氯化 4、groundwater plant地下水处理厂Page45：tray aerator盘式曝气器－contact or detention tank接触池或停留池－sand filter砂滤池 5、surface water plant地表水处理厂Page46：mixing, flocculation混合絮凝－settling tank沉淀池－sand filter砂滤池 3-Mixing and Flocculation混合和絮凝 =Coagulation混凝 4-Sedimentation or Clarification沉淀或澄清 5-Filtration and Backwashing过滤及反冲洗 6-Disinfection消毒 7-Selection of Processes for Water Treatment Sludges污泥处理流程的选择 Page95：storage储存－chemical conditioning化学调节、thickening浓缩－mechanical dewatering机械脱水－air drying空气干燥－disposal处置、chemical recovery化学回收 8-Distribution System Configuration and Analysis配水系统的构造与分析 Wastewater Treatment污水处理 1-Water Pollutants and Their Sources污染物及其来源 1、point sources点源：domestic sewage生活污水industrial waste工业废水municipal wastewater城市污水 nonpoint sources非点源：storm water雨水urban and rural runoff城市和农村地表径流 2、污染物：1)oxygen-demanding material耗氧物质：DO溶解氧aquatic life水生生物 2)nutrients营养物：nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication富营养化 3)pathogenic organics致病微生物：bacteria细菌、viruses病毒、protozoa原生动物 4)total solids总固体：suspended 悬浮态、dissolved溶解态、colloidal胶体态 5)salts盐类：chlorides氯化物、carbonates碳酸盐nitrates硝酸盐sulphates硫酸盐 6)toxic metals and toxic organic compounds有毒金属和有毒有机物：lead铅zinc锌