初中英语语法系统复习..doc

英语语法系统复习专题三 被动语态讲解 一、被动语态的构成形式 　　1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 　 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 　　3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here． 　　4） was/were done 一般过去时 　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 　　5） had been done 过去完成时 　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 　　6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 　　8） should/would be done 过去将来时 　　例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 　　9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 　　2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 　　2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 　　例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 　　3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 　　例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 　　4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 　　例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 二、 如何使用被动语态 　　学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 　　1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 　　例 My bike was stolen last night. 　　2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 　　例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 　　3. 为了更好地安排句子。 　　例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 　　被动语态习题 1._____ a new library _____ in our school last