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段落的基本结构和写法 一、主题句 1. 主题句的定义 主题句是对段落中心思想的概括，是作者主要写作意图的反映，是段落的核心，其余部分都要围绕它展开论述，因此，主题句是整个段落的纲领。 Private cars benefit both individuals and the nation. It is very convenient for people to drive to work, study and do many other things. By encouraging people to buy cars, the nation can stimulate consumption and the domestic demand, and enhance the national economy. 2. 主题句的特点 a. 主题句一般位于句首。 b. 主题句一般是简单句。例如： （1）People’s view on the holiday economy varies from person to person. (2 ) It is well known that holidays are important for us and concerning the holiday economy, different people have different opinions. c. 主题句一般是议论句，表达自己的观点，便于扩展句的展开。例如： （1）Twenty students attended the school’s Christmas party. （2）The school’s Christmas party is as bore as usual. d. 主题句除了要有topic外，还要有controlling idea， 也就是说要具体，不要大而空。例如： （1）Bikes are very important. (2 ) Bikes have brought a lot of convenience to our daily lives. e. 另外一种主题句的写法：没有具体的controlling idea, 只是告诉大家作者将分几个方面对主题展开讨论，我们称之为“分段式”，例如：People have been trying to solve this problem in the following three ways: …… 二、扩展句 1. 扩展句的定义 扩展句是以主题句为中心，逐步展开段落、扩展内容的部分，它一般由一组意思连贯的句子组成，要内容详实而简明扼要，表达清楚而有较强的说服力。 扩展句分主要扩展句和次要扩展句。主要扩展句用来从几个方面或层次对主题展开论述，次要扩展句是对主要扩展句的进一步解释，给出具体的细节。 2. 扩展句的特点 a. 扩展句多为长句。 b. 扩展句要能支持主题句的观点，因此要求有具体的facts，我们可以运用理论论证、事实论证、举例论证、数据论证或解释说明等方式来写扩展句。 (1) It is well known that “practice makes perfect 熟能生巧 ”. So if you do not practice a lot, how can you grasp a skill? We have to proactive if we want to do something perfectly. (2) Since 1990, there has been a tremendous growth in student use of computers. And in many schools the average number of hours a student spends using computers grew to 20 hours per week in 2000. c. 扩展句在补充说明主题句时要直接，单刀直入。 (1) There are many causes for this social problem, but I think there are some main reasons. This does not mean other reasons are not very important. However, the main reasons lead to this issue. For one thing, producers can profit a lot by making fake commodities beca